Justification of the block diagram of the device measuring the concentration of nitrates in natural water
Content
- Introduction
- 1. Actuality of the theme
- 2. The aim and Objectives
- 2.1 Planned practical results
- 2.2 Alleged scientific innovation
- Literature
Water is a valuable natural resource. She plays an exceptional role the processes of metabolism, making basis of life. For many living creatures she serves as a habitat. The height of cities, rapid development of industry, intensification of agriculture, considerable expansion of areas of irrigable earth, improvement of cultural and welfare terms and row of other factors, complicates the problems of providing water all anymore [1].
In the process of vital functions a man uses the far of water that perches from natural superficial or underground sources. In the determined amount there are organic substances: hydrocarbons, organic acids, phenols of and other Presence of nitrates, as well as other nitric connections in natural waters usually serve as the sign of their contamination.
Amount of nitrates in natural waters is determined the by the action of complex of factors (biological, hydrochemical, geomorphological, climatic, physical and chemical properties of soils of catchment territory). The concentration of nitrates in these waters can exceed 120 mgs/of l [2].
With the purpose of prevention of surplus accumulation of nitrates in natural waters, maintenance and prognostication of change of quality of water of å to work out the complex of measures on prevention of hit of nitrates (the use is substances, not containing nitrates), and also to put right regional and local control after their maintenance, both in natural and in sewer waters. In last case, the question is about efficiency of sewage treatment plants, removing nitrates in natural waters.
The surplus amount of nitrates causes not normal motion of functioning of natural ecosystems and living organisms, there is a decline of biological output value and the negative affecting increases man and animals [3].
A health of man care becomes the actual task of contemporaneity. As a result of anthropogenic activity humanity more removes itself from nature and terms that assisted forming in the process of evolution of adaptation mechanisms of organism. A man becomes the hostage of technical progress, testing pressure other, created to them terms. Almost everybody uses food products that contain nitrates every day, and does not begin to think about that, what consequences it can lead to.
Negative influence of nitrates in surface-water on organisms, making the chainlets of man and on a man requires the decline of concentration of nitrates by the use of technologies resulting in reduction of amount of nitrates in effluents, and also by cleaning of effluents from nitrates, and by development of controls after the presence of nitrates in effluents, and estimating efficiency events on reduction of nitrates. Thus, a task of construction of controls, after the presence of nitrates, is actual.
The primary purpose of work is development of the device intended for measuring of concentration of nitrates, possessing simplicity and reliability, having the required metrology descriptions, and also providing comfortable and simple service, having small weight and sizes, allowing his exploitation in different terms.
In the process of implementation of diploma work next tasks must be decided:
1. To define the percentage of nitrates in natural water, by means of the automated determination and estimation of quantitative maintenance of nitrates in water;
2. To produce the choice of method of measuring transformation on the base of that a device will be worked out;
3. To consider the existent prototype of device for measuring of concentration of nitrates in water;
4. To execute the analysis of advantages and lacks of these prototypes, and to draw conclusion in relation to the improvement of processes of measuring and treatment of the got results;
5. To work out the flow diagram of measuring channel of nitrates in natural water.;
6. To estimate his metrology descriptions;
7. To offer the construction of device, having comfortable and simple service, small weight and sizes.
With the set metrology descriptions development is planned of device, having simplicity and reliability; possibility of receipt of measuring results is in a digital kind, treatment of the got information, and also communication of the obtained data, on operator stands and to the personal computer.
2.2 Supposed scientific novelty
The surplus amount of nitrates causes not normal motion of functioning of natural ecosystems and living organisms, there is a decline of biological output value and the negative affecting increases man and animals. The table of contents of nitrates in surplus amounts worsens biological quality of vegetable products, creates a potential health hazard man and animals.
Nitratomers conduct automatic diagnostics of parameters of the electrode system and automatic recognition of any of standard gauge solutions in the mode of measuring of ðÍ. Have a row of advantages:
– the mechanical organs of management are absent in a device
– with autonomous a feed can be used in the field terms
– it is automatic diagnostics of parameters of the electrode system
– the use of standard sensor of temperature is not required by tuning nitrate-analyzer for taking temperature.
1. Ìåòîäû î÷èñòêè âîä îò íèòðàòîâ è íèòðèòîâ [Ýëåêòðîííûé ðåñóðñ]. – Ðåæèì äîñòóïà: http://any-book.org/download/10875.html;
2. Íèòðàòû è íèòðèòû. Âëèÿíèå íà îðãàíèçì ÷åëîâåêà [Ýëåêòðîííûé ðåñóðñ]. – Ðåæèì äîñòóïà: http://www.prodobavki.com/modules.php?name=articles&article_id=96;
3. Àáðàìîâ Í. Í. Âîäîñíàáæåíèå. Ó÷åáíèê äëÿ âóçîâ. Èçä. 2-å, ïåðåðàá. è äîï. – Ìîñêâà: Ñòðîéèçäàò, 1974. – 480 ñ.;
Note: While writing this essay, Master's work is not completed yet. Final date: December 2012. Full text of all materials on the subject can be obtained from the author or his manager after that date.