Abstract
Сдежание
- Introduction
- 1. Theme urgency
- 2. Goal and tasks of the research
- 3. Pilgrimege as a kind of religious practice. Role and place of the pilgrimage in islami
- Conclusion
- References
Introduction
Pilgrimage as a cultural phenomenon becomes the subject of
scientific explorations only in second half of the ХХ century. Before
this period the bulk of work signifies an empiric observation and an
evidence of the pilgrimage last and nowadays or dedicates to the
description of the various sacred places.
Nowadays the exploration of the pilgrimage is conducted in
several aspects:
historical,socio-historical,socio-economical,religious,culturolgical,
anthropological. Pilgrimage is any tour, with a view of approaching to
Absolute through the worship to the sacred places or things. Behind the
structure such tour signifies itself a ritual text.
Need for an acquisition of the spiritual
values received important extraordinary meaning both for society as a
whole and for the individual. Not by an accident such fundamental
essentials of culture as myth , religion, belief, ritual, which kernel
is the phenomenon sacral that accumulates in itself base spiritual
priorities of the different eras are in the center of the attention of
science, literature , arts, mass media today. To such universal
phenomena belongs the sling phenomenon which synthesize the designated
historical, religious and cultural processes.
1. Theme urgency
Today the pilgrimage is one of the most progressing cultural
phenomena. Annually the pilgrimage is made by the hundred thousands of
people, going both to traditional shrines, and to what appeared
recently. At this historical stage the pilgrimage is closely connected
with tourism which grew in due time from the pilgrim travel, and on
border of the 20-21 centuries endures the real boom. The ways of
transport and communication are improved, people have more
possibilities to visit sacred place of their religion and the desire to
join the spiritual achievements of the people of other countries, to
understand an essence of their religion.
It should be noticed that the pilgrimage plays great
role in the system of the international relations and is a considerable
factor in the formation of an economical, social, political,
religious,spiritual and cultural spheres of life of society and
deserves in-depth scientific study and the analysis.
2. Goal and tasks of the research
The purpose of this work lies in the research of the sling
phenomenon as an important factor in the formation of the spiritual
measurement of the modern society life on an example of
Islamic pilgrim tradition. Main goals of the research:
1. To open signs and essence of the sling and
pilgrim ritual;
2. To define a role and a place of the sling in the
theology and practice of Islam;
3. To reveal the standard structural elements of the
pilgrim ritual in Islam;
4. To show the similitude and specifics of a hajj
and an umra.
Object of the research: arcan ad-din as
religious system of Islam.
Subject of the research: sling as one of the
arcan ad-din pillars and the features of its execution.
Complex character of an object of the research
demands a support on common methodology which includes the approaches
and the methods created in the history of religion, phenomenology of
religion, cultural science, sociology of religion, ethnology of
religion, an economy of religion, religious studies, etc. During
writing this work the following methods were used: the culturological
– helps to reveal a conditionality of the pilgrimage concrete
cultural and historical contexts of its existence; structural and
typological – connected with detection of resistant regularities
in a ritual structure, structural – semantic directed on studying
of semantic values of symbolical language of the pilgrim ritual which
open its essence, hermeneutical, contextual; a historicism, the
comparativ analysis, also the author was guided by the principle of an
objectivity and nonconfessionalism.
3. Pilgrimage as a kind of religious practice. Role and place of
the pilgrimage in islami.
The pilgrimage in this or that form exists in many religious,
mystical, ethical and other systems and has accurately pro-hand-written
ritual party. Pilgrim ritual unites the plan of the contents and the
expression. The basis of the plan of the content of pilgrim ritual is
created by a picture of the world which is thought as rather complete
set of vital thoughts and beliefs, combines the unconscious and
socially caused vital principles, valuable reference points, cogitative
schemes , figurative complexes by means of which there is an
understanding by people of surrounding reality.
Basic provisions of dogma of Islam are formulated in belief "columns"
in which understand the ideological beginnings of religion. Islam has
simple dogmatic (iman), but difficult cult practice (din/dynes). Iman
is not only the dogmatic, but also belief and the validity of Islam.
The dogmatic is based on seven principles.
1. Belief in uniform God of the Allah – the Creator of all
existing.
2. Belief in angels. Angels, beings created by the Allah from light
which are deprived of a free will, performers of will divine.
3. Belief in the Scriptuses. Divine revelations which were sent to
envoys of the Allah to the different periods of history of mankind
mean.
4. Belief in all envoys of God.
5. Belief in the Doomsday and Last Judgement.
6. Belief in mission (shot). It is finished in Islam to full fatalism
because in the world there is nothing that didn't depend on the
will of the Allah. The destiny is foreordained to each person and it
can't be changed .
7. Belief in revival dead in judgment day and return to everyone in
afterlife. [28, page 156-157; 39 pages 113]
Prophet Mohammed concerned this question in several khadises. Mohammed
answered questions of an angel of Dzhibril about a belief essence as
follows: «A belief essence in that you believed in God, its
angels, in its Writing, his envoys and the Last day and that you
believed in mission – both good, and bad» [28, page 156]
Dynes – is a cult practice and set of religious duties of the
Muslim. Besides, it is a religion, a payment, a duty and a court. It
contains five basic obligatory provisions – five
basic obligatory regulations – five "pillars" of religion (arcan
ad-din) (fig. 1):
Figure 1 – The five Pillars of islam (animation: 6 frames, all time of repeating, 170 kilobytes)
1) pronouncing and validity recognition of the shakhad, that is a formula «Isn't present god, except the Allah, and Mohammed – the messenger of the Allah»;
2) daily fivefold prayer (salyat / Mohammedan prayer);
3) observance of a monthly post (in a month Ramadan);
4) obligatory charity, payment of a charitable tax (zakyat), giving alms (sadaka);
5) pilgrimage to Mecca to an all-Muslim shrine the Kaaba (hajj).(fig. 2)
The hajj is the duty assigned by the Allah to
Muslims, and each of them should make it at least once in a life if
certainly it has such possibility. «People should the Allah
make a hajj to the House (Kaabi) if they in a condition to pass this
way». [Ali Imran, ayat 97]
The pilgrimage in spiritual sense for a specifically
taken believer is a clarification and updating of an internal life of
the person,the disposal of the sins, the new birth, and for Muslim
minds as a whole is an association of Muslims from all over the world
in one sacred place.
Conclusion
Summing up the done work, it is possible to tell that the goal is reached, by stage-by-stage disclosure of the specified tasks of research. Thus it is possible to draw the following conclusions:
1. To the ritual sling text and its interpretation point two types of factors: first, motives of pilgrim travel (aspiration to incorporate to absolutized essence) and a ritualized of actions which are made by the pilgrim in the course of travel.
2. Pilgrimage – is a circulation or travel to holy sites
with
accurately definite spiritual purpose
This master's work is not completed yet. Final completion: December 2012. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author after this date.
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