Содержание
Introduction
In the master's work investigated the preparation and
briquetting of
lead battery scrap for further refining in order to improve the
environmental situation in the workplace, reduce nonproductive losses
of raw materials, improvement of technological process of processing.
The composition of the mixture for briquetting, favors the reduction
reaction is heated to its melting briquettes, which contributes to the
intensification of the process and increase productivity smelters.
Raw material, source material (waste storage plate) is the lead scrap,
mixed with a large number of dispersed lead sulfate. The most efficient
and technologically advanced solution preparation of the raw material
for melting is the first briquetting powdered mixture with the addition
of binders and flux. Preliminary crushing burden materials produced
with crushers and averaging , a result which we obtain a homogeneous
mass for mixture preparation for briquetting. The use of binders
allowed make a lump from dustable faction lead-containing materials,
and use the paste as a filling mass components between lead in the
briquetting of waste, to reduce dust generation during smelting. The
process of briquetting of a mixture prepared at a low productivity of
the process leading to the conventional presses to increase the
efficiency of the process used roller briquetting press. In the first
case, the size and weight of bricks is determined by the applicable
tooling, in the second case, the diameter of pellets ranged from 10 to
40 mm, the shape of the profile is determined by slicing the rolls.
Roll briquetting is applied, if necessary improve the performance of
the preparation of the charge for medium and large melting units.
One of the criteria resistance of heat-insulating refractory
materials-to-wear and mechanical destruction in contact with a solid
lead containing species materials and their melt at cyclic temperature
in the region of high temperatures is the resistance of refractory
penetration of lead and further interaction of the material with the
lead
Ready-made bricks are subjected to the slow drying to prevent them from
cracking and breaking. The conducted tests of the strength of
briquettes used for raw pellets, showed that there was no destruction
of briquettes at a 15-year-fold dropping from a height of 30 cm.
The technology of melting in rotary kilns with the usage of briquettes
no different from the usual technology of melting with the use of
battery scrap. Use of briquettes allows the use of more powerful burner
to improve the performance of the melting units, when this is set
reduction of dust producing with the departing gases in the course of
melting up to 10-16 g/Nm3, reduction of dust producing allows to
increase the operation life of filter elements in 2-2, 4 times.
As studies of the distribution of lead in a fire-proof material at
elevated temperature. The calculations of the diffusion process of lead
in periclase-chromite refractory method of mathematical modeling. The
essence of the method of mathematical modeling is that the physical
process which takes place in the installation (in this case the furnace
for the production of lead), described by differential equations in
partial derivatives. Then the obtained system of differential equations
on a particular algorithm is converted to the corresponding system of
algebraic equations. The resulting system of algebraic equations is
solved with the help of computer. The obtained results are analyzed and
the results of the analysis to make the necessary changes in the
technological process or as developed by the new.
At the sections methods of quantitative metallography
determined the
size distribution of inclusions lead along the direction of its
propagation from the contact zone deep into the refractory material of
varying density and composition, the nature of the distribution of lead
in discontinuities and microcracks of the refractory (Fig.1)
 а  б
а) x100; б) x500;
Figure 1 - Distribution of lead-containing inclusions in the structure of a refractory material
The accumulation of large inclusions lead to the observed
discontinuities and microcracks refractory, the largest number is
distributed by the defects, connecting with the surface of the
refractory.
These data and the size of the quantitative distribution of lead in the
refractory were compared with data calculated using the previously
developed mathematical model of diffusion saturation of refractory
materials with lead at high temperatures. The correlation of the
results calculated using a mathematical model of the concentration of
lead in its diffusive penetration with experimental data, refined
values of the diffusion coefficient for the investigated materials,
which depend on the composition of the refractory, its physical
characteristics and temperature-time regimes.
The experimental results provide more accurate mathematical model
parameters, as well as take into account the effect of the size and
distribution of structural defects on the concentration of lead in the
cross section of the refractory material
This master's work is not completed yet. Final completion:
December
2012. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be
obtained from the author or his head after this date.
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