Summary of final work on the topic
Contents
- Introduction
- 1. Relevance of the topic
- 2. The purpose and objectives of the study, expected results
- 3. Review of Research and Development
- 3.1 Overview of international sources
- 3.2 Overview of national sources
- 3.3 Review of local sources
- 4. Boilers TPP - 312A unit of 300 MW thermal power plant Zaporozhye
- Source List
Introduction
The
problem of savings of energy gets more and more importance in economy
of the industrial enterprises of Ukraine. Transition to the world
prices for energy resources is accompanied by catastrophic growth of
cost of energy consumption. Thus extremely important there is a
detailed analysis of all power expenses and ways of savings of
energy. By its production, transformation, transportation, distribution and
consumption the new direction of power – energy saving is
engaged in questions of effective use of energy. The instrument of achievement of efficiency of use of energy is power
management. This term the complex of the information and analytical,
organizational and technical and standard and legal actions directed
on effective production and rational consumption of fuel and energy
resources unites.For the solution of practical questions of effective use of energy the
knowledge of the main terms and the concepts connected with
production, transformation, transportation and energy consumption,
and also directly concerning energy saving is necessary.[ 1 ]
Energy saving – the organizational, scientific, practical and
information activities directed on effective use of energy resources
and realized with application of technical, economic and legal
methods. Energy saving includes a wide set of the interconnected
actions and methods for ensuring effective use of energy.
1. Relevance of the topic
Master's thesis is devoted to actual scientific problem of the development of energy saving measures, to eliminate wasteful losses and thus umenshit emissions into the atmosphere in the boilers of TPP - 312A unit of 300 MW thermal power plant of Zaporozhye.The
master's thesis is devoted to an actual scientific problem of
development of energy saving actions, to eliminate irrational losses
and by that óìåíøèòü emissions of harmful substances in the
atmosphere in coppers of Chamber of Commerce and Industry –
312À the block of 300 MWt of the Zaporozhye thermal power plant.
The power - and the cost-effective use of resources is today one of the
most serious problems. The place of our country depends on speed of
the solution of this problem among the developed economic countries
and a standard of living of citizens. These are only the most major
factors proving an urgency of energy saving today.
Our country has a large supply of natural resources, and also all
necessary intellectual potential for the solution of questions of
economy of energy, considering an energy saving urgency around the
world. Because redundancy of existence of natural resources at all
doesn't assume their wastefulness. All urgency of energy saving
should be reflected as the main objective of the state which it is
necessary to inform to everyone.
Here
one more of examples of an urgency of energy saving: use of the
latest technologies at the organization of work of the enterprises is
capable not only to optimize expenses of consumed energy, but also to
improve an ecological situation in the country, without forcing to
develop superfluous fuel, polluting the atmosphere.
The
main objective of energy saving is an increase of power efficiency in
all branches of production. It and improvement of an ecological
situation about the country as a whole, and increase of profitability
of systems warm and power supply. Today the urgency of energy saving
can be seen by number of the new organizations, a main which
objective of work – development of programs for the enterprises
for the purpose of increase of their power efficiency.
2. The purpose and objectives of the study, expected outcomes
Research
objective is carrying out power inspection of the enterprise,
identification of irrational losses and development of actions for
decrease in fuel consumption of copper TPP-312À of the block of 300
MWt of the Zaporozhye thermal power plant. And also modernization
ãîðåêè AGUL established on this copper, for increase in its power
efficiency.
Main objectives of research:
1. An assessment of a share of expenses and possibility of decrease in
expenses of the enterprise (the Zaporozhye thermal power plant) on
each of the power using directions.
2. Definition of the priority directions of energy saving.
3. An assessment of potential of energy saving in the chosen directions.
4. Examination of power efficiency of innovations carried out or planned
at the enterprise.
5. Development of effective actions for realization of the revealed
potential of energy saving.
6. Development of offers on the organization of system of power
management at the enterprise.
7. Drawing up of the program of energy saving.
Development of energy passport.
This requirement former «Rules of carrying out power inspections of
the organizations», the approved Ministries of Fuel and Energy
of 25.03.1998 following «Recommendations about carrying out
power inspections of the organizations», the approved
Ministries of Industry and Energy of 4.07.2006 and operating 261-FZ
«About energy saving...» from 23.11.2009.
Justification
of specific norms of fuel consumption on development of thermal and
electric energy, norms of a stock of fuel and norms of technological
losses of thermal and electric energy in distributive networks of the
power supplying organizations.
This problem of carrying out power inspections is actual for the
organizations having subscribers and subsubscribers on energy
resources. Justification of the specified norms is necessary before
their statement in the Ministry of Industry and Energy. In the
subsequent the Regional power commission, being guided by them, will
establish reasonable tariffs for power supply of subscribers of the
enterprise.
Justification
of norms is carried out on the basis of power inspection and
calculations, the order and which organization are approved by Orders
of the Ministry of Industry and Energy behind numbers: 255, 257, 258,
259 from October 4, 2005, and behind number 3 from January 13, 2006.
The assessment of losses in enterprise networks always was one of the
standard tasks solved by auditors. But it is the assessment which is
not applying for such specification and depth which is required for
justification of norms. Its purpose is definition of a share of
losses in distributive networks.
Power auditors compare the received values to certain economically
admissible limits, and further, or develop actions for decrease in
losses, or ascertain low efficiency of an investment of means in
similar actions. Here in case of development of such actions,
calculations of losses for several key sites of a network are carried
out. Purpose of these calculations: to define economic efficiency of
offered actions.
Calculation
of losses with a view of justification of their norms should be
carried out on all elements and sites of a network which participate
in power supply of subscribers, and it considerable more large-scale
work which demands attraction of additional number of experts and
bigger time that conducts to increase in duration and cost of power
inspection.
3 Review of researches and development
As Moore automata are an important part of digital systems, the problem of their synthesis, analysis, and implementation of the minimization were extensively investigated as American, European, Japanese scientists and national experts. The implementation of digital devices using FPGA and Verilog HDL are also a number of papers, mostly Western scholars of the school.
3.1 Overview of international sources
Researches in this branch have wide distribution in the countries of Europe and the USA. Today questions of energy saving are especially actual, as Ukraine has high level of power consumption of the economy, exceeding several times similar indicators in the developed countries of Europe and Japan. Power efficiency programs are developed for the solution of this problem, into the forefront there is an energy saving equipment and alternative power sources.It is necessary to notice that before development and any introduction of actions for increase of power efficiency of this or that object it is expedient to conduct power survey of object, power audit.
The effectiveness of energy efficiency in industry are listed in the book JM Liquors, VG Lisienko "energy efficiency and sustainable economic basis» [ 1 ], as well as the impact of these measures on the economy N. Danilov, JM Liquors "Fundamentals of energy." [ 2 ].
Energy saving bases in teplogereriruyushchy installations are considered in books A.A.Kudinov, S.K.Ziganshina «Energy saving in heatgenerating installations» [ 4 , 5 ].
Energy saving use in a housing-and-municipal complex is considered in the book N.I.Danilov, Ya.M.Shchelokov, V.Yu.Baldin «Energy saving in a housing-and-municipal complex»[ 3 ].
Bases of power audit of power management in energy saving are specified in A.A.Andrizhiyevsky's books «Energy saving both power management» [ 6 ]; and V. M. Fokin of «An energy saving and power audit basis»[ 7 ].
It is also widely basics of energy management and energy audit of the books discussed in Foreign authors Robert B. «Powering the Future: How We Will (Eventually) Solve the Energy Crisis and Fuel the Civilization of Tomorrow» [ 8 ], as well as in the book «Basics of Energy Efficient Living: A Beginner's Guide to Alternative Energy and Home Energy Savings» [ 9 ].
3.2 Overview of national resources
In Ukraine, there is also a considerable number of books on energy conservation.
Energy saving bases in Ukraine are considered in the book Belyaev V. M., Ivashin V. V. «Energy saving bases», [ 10 ], and also in O.V.Sviderskaya's book of «An energy saving basis».[ 11 ].
Boiler installations and their operation are shown in books B.A.Sokolov «Boiler installations and their operation»,[ 12 ], R.I.Esterkin «Industrial parogeneriruyushchy installations». [ 13 ].
3.3 Review of local sources
In the Donetsk National Technical University examined the basis of energy audit and energy management
SM Safyants, AL Popov, EK Safonov, DL Bezborodov, A. Melguy, E. Tokarev, AL Khokhlov.
Guidelines for implementation of student work on the subject "Energy management» [ 14 ]
4. Boilers CCI - 312A unit of 300 MW thermal power plant Zaporozhye
Coppers
of Chamber of Commerce and Industry - 312À the block of 300 MWt of
the Zaporozhye thermal power plant burn coal GSSh of the worsened
quality. In the conditions of high wear of the power equipment and a
rise in prices for energy carriers, favorable and actual the problem
of transfer of a copper on gaseous fuel is expedient. At this type of
fuel it is not required coal warehouses and intensive cleaning of
mechanical ablation and desulfuration.
In this regard us it was offered to use a pylegazovy mix which can move
on burning in the following ratios:
1-15 % of natural gas + 85 % of a coal dust (on a thermal emission);
2 - 30% natural gas+ 70% coal dust (on a thermal emission);
3 - 50% natural gas + 50% of coal (on a thermal emission);
4 - 100% natural gas;
Operating experience of coppers TPP-312À showed that when burning coals of brand CC, 2CC, SSSSh, an exit flying which are made by 19 — 25 %, their mixture with GSSh is expedient only in the quantity which is not exceeding 2 — 3 % from all fuel.
The head sample of the direct-flow TPP-312A steam generator of the power unit of 300 MWt is established on the Zaporozhye state district power station. The steam generator on zakritichesky parameters is executed by productivity of 1000 t/h one-case with the P-shaped furnace chamber in which in one circle on front and back walls are placed on four powerful volute-scapular dust-coal torches.
The steam generator is equipped by two exhausters the recirculations, submitting gases in the top part of a fire chamber and in dustsystem, two individual dustsystems with spherical drum-type mills 370/850 (Sh-50A). Fuel drying in mills is carried out by a mix of the smoke gases which are selected from gas flue after a water ekonomayzer with temperature 410 — 415°Ñ and hot air with temperature 310 — 320°Ñ. The dust is transported to torches by mill air with the content of oxygen in it in operational modes no more than 16 %.
As a result of tests it was established that the optimum excess of air measured before a water ekonomayzer, makes 1,20 — 1,21 at a rated load of the steam generator. Thus the contents combustible in carried-away ashes of fuel doesn't exceed 1,0 %, and loss is warm with mechanical the nedozhogy is at level of 0,2-0,3 %. Heat loss with leaving basins thus makes 7,6 — 7,7 % at temperature of leaving gases 156 - 157°Ñ and temperature of cold air - 30°Ñ. The efficiency is "gross" equal 91,3 %. The specified value to. by the item of it is "gross" received in an operational mode when fuel drying in dustsystems is carried out by a mix of gases and hot air at the content of oxygen behind mill fans (Î2) of 16 %.
Now in power the largest are vortical pyleugolny torches in thermal capacity of 100 MWt by which coppers TPP-312À to power units of 300 MWt are equipped. One-case coppers TPP-312À work reliably and economically when burning Donetsk gas coals (GSSh) in a wide range of change of their quality and regime parameters. Furnace chambers with powerful torches meet modern technical requirements.
At the same time with growth evaporative capacity coppers and deterioration of burned coal there is a question of creation of new types of high-economic torches and determination of their most rational individual capacity for MWt blocks 800, 1200 and further, and also search of the most optimum configurations of burning devices in fire chambers.
Source List
- Energy Efficiency and foundations of a sustainable economy / YM Liquors, VG Lisienko,. Ekaterinburg; U1TU-UPI, 2010. 400 c.
- Fundamentals of energy: a textbook / N. Danilov, JM Liquors, ed. N. Daniel. Ekaterinburg: GOU VPO USTU, 2010. 564 p.
- Energy efficiency in housing and communal complex / N. Danilov, JM Liquors, VY Baldin, ed. N. Daniel. Ekaterinburg: GOU VPO USTU, 2006.102s.
- Energy saving in heat-generating plants A.A.Kudinov 2000
- Energy conservation in thermal power plants A.A.Kudinov, S.K.Ziganshina / Samara State Technical University, 2007. 367 p.
- Energy conservation and energy management. AA Andrizhievsky / Minsk "High School" in 2005. - 450.
- Fundamentals of energy conservation and energy audit. VM Fokine / Moscow "Mashinizdat" 2006 - 320 p.
- Powering the Future: How We Will (Eventually) Solve the Energy Crisis and Fuel the Civilization of Tomorrow by Robert B. Laughlin (Sep 27, 2011) - 224 pp.
- Basics of Energy Efficient Living: A Beginner's Guide to Alternative Energy and Home Energy Savings - December 1, 2010 -226 pp.
- Fundamentals of energy: Educational-methodical complex / VM Belyaev, VV Ivashin - Mn. Univ MIM, 2004. - 111 c.
- Fundamentals of energy / O. B. Sviderskaya / TetraSistems 2009. - 200 c.
- Boiler installation and exploitation. / BA Sokolov / Publisher: "The Academy", 2007. -300 C.
- Industrial steam-generating installation / RI Esterkin / Leningrad "Energy" - 1980. - 226 p.
- Guidelines for implementation of student work on the subject "Energy management" / Comp.: SM Safyants, AL Popov, EK Safonov, DL Bezborodov, A. Melguy, E. Tokarev, AL Khokhlov. Donetsk: Donetsk National Technical University, 2007-84s.