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Abstract

Content

Introduction

Coal Mining by its nature is the branch with the most severe and dangerous working conditions. One of the main factors are the high temperatures. Temperature marks on deep levels significantly exceed the maximum permissible concentration. Temperature affects the human body, which leads to reduced efficiency. As a result of continuous operation at elevated temperatures, the worker can cause serious health problems, in particular the cardiovascular system, which in turn can lead to death.

1. Relevance of the topic

Analysis of the safety of coal mining by a mining showed that one and the main problems of coal in Ukraine is the problem of climate control in the lavas of deadlock and development workings at depths greater than 1000 m, namely the creation of effective methods to combat high temperatures. To establish effective measures to control the temperature of a mining requires accurate thermal calculations and measurements with an analysis which will clearly show the influence of factors as well as the causes of rising temperatures in the mine workings.

2 . The purpose and objectives of the study

Aim master's work is the analysis of the status and development of measures to improve the safety of coal mining at the mine M. Kalinin.

Main objectives of the study :

  1. Performs analysis of the thermal regime in the lava TLU Sq. h10.
  2. Cooling equipment in underground mines.
  3. Analyzing thermal shooting running.
  4. Forecast temperature in mines.
  5. Make calculations holodopotrebnosti lava.
  6. Analyzing the effect of increased temperature on the human body and its earning capacity.
  7. Performed forecast temperature in mines.
  8. Develop measures to normalize the microclimate in the mines , in particular the normalization of the thermal regime.

3. A summary of the master's work

3.1 Brief description of mine

Mine M. Kalinin GP DUEK located in Donetsk and Makeevka Donetsk region of Ukraine. Be in the Kalinin district of Donetsk. The mine began operations in August 1961. In 1965 mine reached its design capacity of 1,2 million tons of coal a year and for 25 years worked at the design capacity and above. Peak production of coal mine made in 1974 – 1,4 million tons per year, labor productivity in coal mining in this case amounted to 43,6 tons. Mine developed strata by K2 2, H7, H8, H10. Work is currently focused on the formation of H10 Livny Smolyaninovskoy Formati on (seam thickness of 1,2–1,3 m). Mine field Kalinin mine is located in the south-eastern part of the southern wing Kalmius-Toretskoy Basin Donetsk-Makeevka carboniferous area and is located in the northeastern part of the city of Donetsk. In the administrative division of the projected mining claim mine is located in the Kalinin and Kiev, Voroshilov district of Donetsk region and Chervonogvardeysky Makeyevka Donetsk region. Dimensions mine field along strike–8,0 km down-dip–4,5 km. Mine field opened by five vertical shafts, of which 3 cage № 1, № 2, № 3, skip, passed by the central industrial area and the ventilation shaft located on the flank, as well as capital crosscuts located at depths of 229 m, 758 m, and 1070 m.

Mine developed strata h10, h8, h7 – Smolyaninovsky Formation and strata k5, k2 5, k2 2 – Kamenka suite. Currently, a stratum h10, with capacity of 1,2–1,3 m. Coalbed particularly dangerous to sudden outbursts of coal and gas, dangerous exposure to coal dust and methane emissions suflyarnym, not prone to spontaneous combustion. The method of preparation of a mine field–storey. Development System–solid.

Mine ventilation is carried out by a combined scheme with two main fan suction method. Each main ventilation system consists of the same type of centrifugal fans, one of them working, and the second – a reserve, with the same parameters of technical characteristics. We skip shaft mounted fan main ventilation VC–5. On the eastern ventilation shaft mounted fan main ventilation WDC–47U. Preliminary production ventilated with fans of local ventilation. Industrial stocks by brands: 12,616 tons [1].

3.2 Results of the temperature shooting

In the master paper presents an analysis of the thermal regime of the 2nd discharge lava TLU Sq. h10 OP Mine M. Kalinina SE DUEK and the development of comprehensive measures to reduce high temperatures.

Схема расположения пунктов замера тепловлажностных параметров воздуха в горных выработках по маршруту –2-й разгрузочной лавы ВПУ пл. h<sub>10</sub> ОП «Шахта им. М.И. Калинина» ГП «ДУЄК»

Figure 1 - Map of the items measuring heat and humidity parameters of air in mines along the route–2nd discharge lava TLU Sq. h10 OP mine M. Kalinina SE DUEK

3.3 Predicted thermal calculations mining

Table 1 – Predicted thermal calculations of mine workings

Number of items measuring Temperature of rocks Thermal parameters Air flow Note
Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature Relative humidity Moisture content Enthalpy
1 — 12 11,8 98 8,7 34,1    Surface overcast fog
2 31,9 18,6 15,2 69 8,7 40,6    Surface cloudy mist. Bottom of the barrel
3 41,3 22 18,4 70 10,4 48,7 1638 Froze before VMP (BM-6)
4 — 25,2 21,6 72 13,1 58,7    Exit the vent. pipeline (there is a small air leak)
5 41,6 25 21,4 72 12,9 58    In the bottom water
6 41,5 25,4 21,4 69 12,7 58    PP. Dry. tightening tree
7 41,3 25,6 21,4 68 12,7 58 224 Outgoing tupika.Suho.Zatyazhka tree
8 40,6 22,4 18,8 70 10,8 49,9 442 Froze before VMP (BM-6). Suho.zatyazhka tree
9 — 30 23,2 55 13,3 64,1 365 Exit the vent. pipeline (there is a small air leak)
10 41,4 30,2 21,8 46 11,2 59,1    Dry. With tightening derevom.Kombayn GIC
11 41,4 30,4 22,4 49 12 61,2    PZ.Suho.Zatyazhka tree
12 41,3 30,2 23,4 55 13,5 64,8    Ex. impasse. dryly. tightening tree
13 41,2 26,4 22,2 69 13,4 60,7    Сухо
14 40,2 27 22,6 68 13,8 62,2   Ex. plot. dry
15 41,1 23 19,4 71 11,2 51,7 1978 Metering station
2′ 31,8 19 16,4 76 9,8 44    Bottom of the barrel (measured on departure)
1′ — 14,2 12,4 82 8,4 35,5    Surface. Wet

Predicted thermal calculations mining carried out in accordance with the applicable standard Minenergouglya Ukraine Forecasting and normalization of the thermal conditions of coal mines. The air temperature in the lavas of shallow, sloping and steep seams calculated by the formula:

where A, E and T are calculated by the formulas:

where B and D are defined : 1) When Δφ = φ1-φ2

2 ) at Δφ = φ1= φ2

On seams with a gentle sloping and bedding layers in the management of a complete collapse of the roof of unsteady heat transfer coefficient between the mountain range and the air in the lavas calculated by the formula:

where U – overall girth of lava, m ;

Us, U1, U2, U3, Uin– the lengths of the perimeter of the cross section of the lava coalface, respectively, first, second, third and roads from the goaf, m.

Coefficient of unsteady heat transfer between the mountain range and the air in the workings ventilated less than a year, in watts per square meter degree Celsius:

where

where α – the coefficient of heat transfer from the rock mass to the air, W/m2 ° C, is calculated as follows :

where υ – roughness generation. For developments with a monolithic concrete lining it is 1,0; for workings with metal, concrete and wood with a solid bolting tightening – 1,5; with the same bolting without tightening – 2,0; for excavation without lining – 2,5; lavas – 2,5–3,5 ; where υ – air density, kg/m3, calculated by the formula:

relative humidity , expressed as a decimal , is determined by the psychrometric tables or calculated depending on

φ = pn/ptн,

wherein

p n – partial pressure of water vapor in moist air, Pa;

p t n – partial pressure of saturated water vapor at a temperature of dry bulb, t, Pa, is determined by the application, published in standard Minenergouglya Ukraine Forecasting and normalization of the thermal conditions in the coal mines.

pn = pn t m – 0,00066 P (t–Tm),

where p n t m – partial pressure of saturated water vapor at a temperature of wet bulb Tm, Pa;

P– barometric air pressure, Pa.

Barometric air pressure P, in Pascals, calculated as follows:

P = P 0 + 12,0 H,

where P 0 – air pressure on the surface of the mine, Pa;

H – depth of the measuring point from the surface, m.

Perimeter middle section of development U, in meters, calculated by the formula:

- for securing the trapezoidalU = 4,16√S;

- arch for mounting U = 3,8√S.

Equivalent radius generation R0, in meters, defined by the formula:

R 0 = 2S / U [3].

4. Measures to normalize the thermal regime in the lava

Received results of thermal calculations, we see that the temperature readings do not meet the safety rules for coal mines [4]. Of this decision should be made on the application of artificial cooling air using a mobile unit, equipped with air conditioning KPS 300 feldspar, as well as provide jobs individual cooling packages developed by NPO Respirator [5].

Air Mobile feldspar KPS 300:

Mobile Air Conditioning KPS 300 feldspar mine creates comfortable conditions for miners working in deep mine workings, hazardous gas and dust. Air conditioning can be applied in other industries in the systems and technological comfort of air conditioning. Mobile Air Conditioning feldspar mine has KPH 300 explosion-proof electrical and can be used in coal mines, hazardous gas, dust and sudden outbursts. Air conditioning is available in the form of two blocks: the condensing unit and air handling, Chladone systems are connected on-site air conditioning flexible pipes (hoses). Put together the blocks on the frames and capable of being installed on the frame trolleys type HS for the 900 mm gauge. For their movement in operation. KPS 300 automated air conditioning and has all kinds of necessary protections.

Кондиционер передвижной шахтный КПШ 300

Figure 2 – Air Mobile feldspar KPS 300

Allowed the dismantling of the diffuser and air handling unit confusor. Mobile Air Conditioning KPS 300 feldspar mine has a degree of prefabrication and can be installed and commissioned specialists mining services.

References

  1. A set of measures to combat high air temperatures in mines for 2013 mine M. Kalinin GP DUEK.
  2. Forecasting and normalization of the thermal conditions in the coal mines. – K.: Standard Minenergouglya Ukraine, 2011. – 188.
  3. Aerology mining enterprises. Collection of tasks. / B. Medvedev, V. Stukalo, N. Pochtarenko etc. – K.: Publishing House Lybid, 1992.
  4. Terms of Safety in Coal Mines. – K.: Base, 2006 – 221 p.
  5. A set of measures to combat high air temperatures in mines for 2013 mine M.  Kalinin GP DUEK.
  6. TU U29.2 – 00217863–040–2004. Mobile Air ConditioningKPS 300 feldspar mine. Specifications.
  7. Guidelines for filming in thermal coal mines. MAKEEVKA – Donbass:  McNeil, 1982.