Abstract

Содержание

Introduction

Occurrence of major accidents in Ukrainian mines caused sudden bursts of dust – methane–air mixtures in the mountain – you processing requires the search for new effective technical proposed zheny to reduce the likelihood of explosions. The presence of dust in methanol air mixture in the explosion contributes significantly increase NIJ force of the explosion and the formation of a large volume of toxic gases high concentration. Furthermore, aggressively acts on dust equipment surface complex provokes dangerous Zabo – ous diseases of the respiratory organs of workers ( principally fan installation airing of coal mines during the day thrown in mine surface complex of more than 1.5 tons of dust aerosol each , creating excess of MPC 2–3 times) [3].

1. Topicality

Modern methods of underground coal mining characterized by the formation of significant amounts of dust and its release into the atmosphere of mine workings.

Dust control is a complicated engineering and logistical problem because mine dust worsens sanitary working conditions, reduces the visibility into the workings, clogs and irritates the skin and eyes, causing major diseases, clogs and irritates the airways and lungs during prolonged breathing can cause chronic lung disease. Furthermore, the presence of the mine atmosphere of dry coal and fine dust containing over 15% volatiles, causing a danger of dust explosion.

To solve this problem ie to ensure an acceptable level of safety in a coal mine requires detailed planning for integrated dust removal mining, compulsory and complete their execution, which will prevent incidents and accidents.

2. Purpose and objectives of the master’s work

The purpose of the master’s work is the analysis of the state and development of science – based activities on integrated dust removal mining mine "Novodonetskaya."

The main objectives of the work:

  1. Analysis methods used in the mine dust suppression
  2. Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions used in the mine
  3. Develop a set of effective measures for dust control in mines.

3. Brief description of w. "Novodonetskaya"

Mine " Novodonetskaya " is located in the western part of the Donets Basin on the northern outskirts Krasnoarmeiskii field.

The production capacity of the mine 1000000 tons per year.

Project – 1200 tonnes per year, 4000 tons / day.

Dimensions mine field:

along strike – 6000 m

to fall – 2500 m

Mine Category III gas –hazardous dust, embers are not prone to spontaneous combustion.

The project provides for working out 2 business formations: L3 and K7.

Relative metanoobilnost layers is:

L3 – 9.78 – 2.62 m3 / t. sut. dob.

Mine field dissected with 2 Central – twin vertical shafts depth 322 m each, and 4, respectively pits depth 15m, 120m, 320m, 320m .

Trunk diameter of 5.5 m, with reinforced concrete mount tubings in the bedrock, reinforcement steel. Auxiliary trunk is equipped with 2 neoprokidnymi trolley stands on HCG – 1, 6, has a ladder compartment.

The trunk laid two drainage pipe diameter of 300 mm and 400 mm. Skip shaft is equipped with 2 skips, 9t capacity each. The trunk of a pipeline O 427 mm, which this project provides for the use of the water from the surface of an underground fire line.

The mine adopted panel preparation of a mine field.

Development System – long poles along strike. Mine ventilation scheme flank, ventilation system and vacuum. Fresh air into the mine comes to cage shafts and pits number 4. Outgoing jet goes on and skip shaft pits № 1, 2, 3.

Excavation in all coal breakage faces carried mechanized complexes type VMKD – 90N " 2DT " using harvester 2 GSH – 68B.

Preparatory workings produced combines type RSCC, KSP– 32, EB 3 – 160.

The total length of the workings of 68–70 km. Transporting a broken rock mass is conveyors type 2A – 100U, VL– 100U, R – 100K, 1LT –80, SP– 202, PSD –87, SP– 63, SP – 250.

To control the workings of the mine atmosphere in the mine complex embedded aerogas information ( Kaga ) and centralized control teleavtomatichesky methane gas ( APP –1).

Airing development faces carried fans type SVM –6, BM –6, VME –2–8. Control over the work performed by HMP telephony.

Analysis of the activities for the integrated dust removal mining co. "Novodonetskaya"

Section Anti–dust in the projects of new and reconstructed mines (horizons), opening and preparation of blocks, panels, excavation of fields should contain:

– a list of measures to combat dust in all processes involving dust emission (with coal extraction, conducting excavations, filling operations, loading, transportation and unloading of the rock mass, including in the pit bottom);

– the parameters of the equipment for dust control and placing it on a network of mine workings;

– the specification of equipment and materials for dust control;

– fire – circuit irrigation pipelines with their diameters, the water pressure, placements irrigation devices, pumping units, etc.;

– recommendations for optimal dust factor on the mode of ventilation faces;

– a list of jobs and manufacturing processes which must be applied dust masks [1].

The project of building a section of the mine there.

To the CAP "Shakhtoupravleniye Belozerskoye" DTEK LLC "Dobropillyavuhillya" w. "Novodonetskaya" id are used antidusty such activities as:

1.Obespylivanie air in sewage

To prevent the spread of dust extraction and treatment in mines should be applied:

irrigation with coal extraction;

irrigation at the loading point of lava;

irrigation when loading coal into alcoves.

2. Carbon Pre–wetting array

With natural moisture content in the coal seam L3 equal 6.3% Project is using pre–wetting of coal in the array.

Pre–wetting of coal produced in the array through wells drilled from development workings.

3. Dedusting air when transporting coal

To suppress dust during transportation of coal conveyors should apply irrigation using umbrella or cone nozzles. Nozzles should be included in the work automatically devices like AO–3 or VOD.

4. Combating dust from blasting

The purpose of dust events during blasting operations is to prevent the spread of dust and gas after the explosion, as well as prevention of coal dust explosions and gases in the process of blasting, which must be applied:

– irrigation surface workings before blasting explosive charges in boreholes and binding dust deposited;

– water curtains created by blasting explosive charges in plastic containers with water;

– gidrozaboyku holes;

– water curtains created by nozzles [2].

5. Borba dust in vehicles and roadways near barrel

On mobile and semi–permanent loading points, as well as at loading and overloading on conveyor belts should be applied irrigation submerged rock mass.

Sprinklers must be installed so that the sprayed water completely covers the hearth dust emission. Specific consumption of irrigation water is to be at least 5l/m, and the water pressure – no less than 0.5 MPa.

When applying irrigation belt conveyors necessary to provide water supply switch [2].

6. dedusting of incoming and outgoing air flows

Dedusting air flow passing through the mine workings should be used for water–air and water (mist) veil.

Consumption of liquid water curtain should be assumed to be 0.1 liters per 1 m3 of air flowing at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for the fogging of the veil – 0.05 liters per 1 m3 of air flowing at a pressure of 0.3–0.4 MPa. For the water–air ejector flow and pressure of water are taken in accordance with the technical characteristics of the ejector.

7.Personal protective equipment against dust

Respiratory protection from coal and rock dust by using a dust mask, which provide cleaning of air inhaled from dust to an amount not exceeding the maximum permissible concentration.

In individual use mine has dust masks type Pulse–K, M–Pulse.

Fig. 1 – Respiratory Pulse-K

Respiratory "Pulse– K" is designed for respiratory protection against aerosols pollutants (dust, smoke, fog). Respiratory "Pulse– K" consists of a rubber half mask PR-7 with two exhalation valves, two filter cartridges, knitted obturator (or not) and the headband. Used in aerosol concentration in the air up to 1000 mg/m3.

However, dust control system integrated mining companies, despite the high efficiency in some areas of the technological chain, are often unable to ensure the reduction of airborne dust in the workplace to levels close to the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Necessary to reduce 50% of airborne dust it needs to use the new settings.

5. Review of modern methods of dust control

In this thesis Gogo Vladimir Beylovicha given a new solution topical scientific issues aimed at improving the working conditions of miners in the dust factor is to uncover the mechanisms and patterns of pulse wave – gidropyleulavlivaniya to improve methods of the dust, which will reduce the level of airborne dust on the surface, and in underground workings of the mine.

The mechanism of pulsed – wave gidropyleulavlivaniya air (gas) liquid droplet, which is in the process of receiving vibrational dust particles in a liquid drop due to the resultant forces acting momentum and energy potential of the drop of liquid – a particle of dust that determine the effectiveness of rotational drift and diffusion of dust particles in a liquid droplet.

Found that in the growth of the amplitude of pressure oscillation frequency of dust particles and liquid droplets varies exponentially, where the exponent is directly proportional to the particle diameter to the merger and inversely dependent on the speed of its motion , which increases the efficiency of the pulse receiving dust particles in a liquid droplet, i.e. gidroulavlivaniya efficiency by an average of 20% [3].

  • Spray nozzles with hollow cone;
  • Axial nozzles spray hollow cone;
  • Creating maximum fine spray;
  • The narrow cross–section;
  • Maximum spray cone angle of 90 °.

Fig. 2 – Axial nozzles spray hollow cone (animation: 5 frames, 67 KB)

If necessary, only small and uniform spray nozzles to spray hollow cone. Axial nozzles spray "hollow cone" maximally effective. Spiral grooves create swirling fluid. With a fairly narrow range of droplet size of the total surface of spray droplets is greatly increased.

Findings

List of sources

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2. Правила безопасности в угольных шахтах, ПБ 05–618–03, 2004 г.

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