Resume Abstract

Abstract

Contents

• Introduction
• 1. The relevance of the topic
• 2. The purpose and objectives of the study, expected results
• 3. The review process scheme
• Findings
• References

Introduction

The restoration of Donbass requires not only a return to the pre-war level of environmental protection, but also offers great opportunities for the introduction of innovative environmental technologies. One of the areas of these technologies applications is to solve the disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW) problem. It is one of the most important environmental, economic and social problems of the region.

1. The relevance of the topic

The warehousing system of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Donetsk, includes four storage areas, each of which does not meet sanitary standards. The solution to this problem is the introduction of solid waste integrated technologies, minimizing the number of components of solid waste entering the combine [1].

So, during the period from 1994 to 2014 it has been accumulated about 3.8 billion m³ of solid waste stockpiled at 53 test sites (in fact, landfills), many of which are filled by 60–90 %, and some are crowded and a long time should be closed.

Picture 1 - One of global unauthorized dumps on the outskirts of Donetsk, prime example of complete deviation from all sanitary norms

One of the solutions of the solid waste management problem is the implementation of complex technologies combining their pre-sorting and subsequent "deep" processing of the extracted components.Having introducted these technologies, you can: get a significant amount of highly liquid secondary raw materials (waste paper, plastics, textiles, ferrous and non ferrous metals, and others.), the 3–4 times reduction of the components of solid waste amount going to the "deep" processing [2].

2. The purpose and objectives of the study, expected results

The aim of the study is to validate the proposed scheme for the processing of solid waste Donetsk region by the method of biothermal composting.

The main objectives of the study:

1. The formation of the technological scheme general form.
2. The review of the literature on the subject.
3. The biological treatment product review.
4. Determination of the object and its term sustainability.
5. The process modeling of the environmental performance optimization of the complex

Research object: municipal solid waste.

Research subject: the processing of municipal solid waste.

The research methods:

1. The analysis and synthesis.
2. The theoretical study of the process.
3. The compile and systematic analysis of scientific and technical information.
4. The mathematical modeling of the simulation model.
5. The ecological enomic analysis

3. The review process scheme

According to the authors, the most promising kind of complex processing of solid waste should be regarded as technology that combines selective selection of scrap components of solid waste by mechanical and manual sorting with aerobic composting, can be obtained from the biodegradable parts of waste in the form of marketable products of compost and combustible gases, which in turn can be used in the systems of thermal generation and cogeneration.

Derived from MSW compost improves soil structure, moisture content, and reduces soil erosion, and the pre-sorting improves and accelerates there are released the gaseous decomposition products (mainly carbon dioxide) and some malodor substances are discharged into the boiler furnace. As such, the compost can be used in agriculture. It contains (based on solids) 0.65–1 % nitrogen and 0.3–0.5 % phosphorus and potassium, as well as the necessary trace elements for plant nutrition. Glass and a small ballast are poured into the truck, and the compost conveyor system is supplied to the storage area [3].

Thus, on the basis to the carried out calculations, it was established the feasibility importance of the design and placement on the Donetsk territory for the complex for waste treatment based on the biothermal composting of the solid waste organic parts. This is confirmed by the results of the technical and economic parameters calculation of the proposed scheme of solid waste disposal. The term of the complex self - sufficiency is made up of 4 years [4].

During the writing of this essay the master's work has not been finished yet. The final completion: to December 2015. The full text of the work and the materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his manager after that date.

References

1. Vogtmann H. European Composting Methods: Treatment and Use of Farmyard Manure and Slurry. Composting Theory and Practice for City / H. Vogtmann // Industry and Farm JG Press: Emmaus PA, USA.– 2010. – Pp. 214–216.
2. Попов А. Н. Комплeкс инжeнeрных рeшeний по пeрeработкe и утилизации отходов в больших городах и экономичeская эффeктивность таких рeшeний / А. Н. Попов // Издательство Крокус – 2012. – С. 285.
3. Пан Л. Н. Экология и тeхнологичeскиe процeссы соврeмeнных мeтодов пeрeработки твeрдых бытовых отходов. / Л. Н.  Пан // Издательство Лыбидь – 2011. – С. 334.
4. Lieberth J. Greenhouse Industry Survey Reveals / J. Lieberth // The American Vegetable Grower and Greenhouse Grower – 1982. – Pp.120.
5. Knapp D. Composting in a Solar Greenhouse for Heat / D. Knapp // The Solar Greenhouse Book – 2005. – Pp. 287–292.
6. Oliver Jr. The Aspergillus Fumigatus Problem / Jr. Oliver // Composting Theory and Practice for City, Industry, and Farm Press – 1998. – p. 296.
7. White J. Growing Basics / J. White // The Solar Greenhouse Book – 2007. – p. 240