Abstract
Content
- Introduction
- 1. Justification of themes and names, the relevance of the work
- 2. The purpose and objectives of the study, expected results
- 3. Overview of Research and Development
- 4. Hydraulic percussion mechanisms
- Findings
- List of sources
Introduction
1. Justification of themes and names, the relevance of the work
The urgency of the task of developing new hardware for the elimination of sticking the drill due to the fact that its decision to reduce the costs of emergency work and improve the efficiency of drilling wells in the complicated conditions.
When creating methods of forecasting the efficiency of shock and vibration mechanisms for the elimination of sticking the drill focus is on achieving the maximum energy performance of the device. In consideration of this drillstring dynamics, unlike the process operation jars commonly assigned support role and is used in this calculation model can be greatly simplified. In addition, almost no developed mathematical models of the dynamics of the drill string in the liquidation sticking in which it would be taken into account as a system with distributed parameters, loads periodic shock pulses.
This can lead to significant inaccuracies in determining the laws of the liquidation process of sticking the drill shock and vibrating mechanism, distorting the picture of the process and practical advice on their design and operation.
Therefore, the development of technical means for the elimination of sticking the drill is necessary to solve a number of problems related to the study of the dynamics of the drill string under shock and vibration loading.
Communication of work with scientific programs, plans, execution of work on the application of scientific institution or industrial organization. The work performed at the request of the drilling company LLC "Vostokspetsservis" (city Krasnodon) and corresponds to the priority research areas of DonNTU.
2.The purpose and objectives of the study, expected results
The purpose of the work development and improvement of the technical means and technologies eliminate sticking the drill in view of the dynamics of the drill string under shock and vibration loading.
The objectives of the study:
The idea of the work is to improve the technical means for the elimination of sticking the drill based on a refined mathematical model of vibrations of the drill string and stuck in the shell shock and vibration loading.
ОThe object of research the process of eliminating sticking drill wells.
The subject of study of the dynamics of the drill string in the operation of technical means to eliminate sticking the drill.
Possible results are expected during the work, their novelty and significance. Latest results:
The value of the work is to develop new mathematical models and practical designs hammers to eliminate sticking in the wells of technical and application technology.
3. Overview of Research and Development
Currently, a lot of devices designed to eliminate sticking drilling tool in the well. Basically it is shock and vibration mechanisms.
Depending on the location of the mechanism relative to the element, which is transmitted vibrations distinguish surface and submersible mechanisms. At the depths of the well svyshe100 m, should be preferred submersible mechanisms [5].
According to the type of drive all the mechanisms are divided into mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, hydraulic, electro-hydraulic, pneumatic, vacuum-compression, electromagnetic and magnetostrictive [3].
The most rational forms of drive conditions for exploratory drilling are considered hydraulic and mechanical energy conversion that is not complicated, and they do not require additional equipment on the drilling [7].
However, to generate high-frequency attacks more acceptable hydraulic [1]. In this work of hydraulic mechanism designed to eliminate sticking. This type of mechanism is most plentiful and varied in their design features, implementation of schemes and systems for energy conversion fluid flow in the forced oscillation.
Hammers on the principle of action are divided into the SU single and double action. Hammers single action, in turn, are divided into direct active hammers swing the hammer (impact applied by fluid pressure, the return of the striker - with the help of spring) and reverse the course of an active pin (punch applied by spring force, the return of striker - due to pressure washing liquid) [2].
The double-acting hammers the striker in both directions is provided by a liquid valve group controls two working cavity hammers. Known designs were not used, as not intended for use on sanded-in liquid. Additional double-acting hydraulic hammer isolated GU differential piston (hammers differential action). They are most commonly used in the drilling of more simple construction than the GU dual-action, and higher efficiency than single action GU [4].
Hammers used in this way: in the case of an emergency disconnection of the drill string is made from the stuck projectile. After lifting the pipe string to the surface of the device down to the sticking place and made its accession to the stuck tool. Then the column is given tension, it is supplied washing liquid and hydraulic hammer comes into operation. The works are to release the stuck projectile [6].
4. Hydraulic percussion mechanisms
One of the most promising devices eliminate sticking are hydraulic shock mechanisms (Figure & nbsp; 1), which, depending on the direction of the impact of the hydraulic fluid on the piston striker divided into two groups.
1. Of hydraulic mechanisms with a single-acting cylinder working chamber in which one stroke of the striker is made by the action of the washing liquid, the other by spring force of its own weight or striker.
At the turn of hydraulic mechanisms are subdivided into single action:
1.1. Of hydraulic mechanisms with direct active way, characterized by the fact that in them the effective energy of the source is selected on your progress. In this part of it is transferred to Boiko, and part is accumulated in the spring, which is provided by the idle speed.
1.2. Hydropercussion feedback mechanism of action, characterized by the fact that in them the energy flow shown in idle pin and accumulates mainly in the spring as potential energy of compression. Acceleration is brisk and hit him on the anvil is carried out under the weight of the hammer and the energy of the resilient member. Lifting occurs by the pressure fluid, which flow into the working cavity of the cylinder is regulated by a distributor.
2. Hydropercussion dual mechanisms of action, with two working cavities cylinder which reciprocates striker is powered fluid flow without springs.
mechanisms of hydraulic double-acting hydraulic motor for the implementation and the nature of the working process is divided into two main types.
The first can be attributed of hydraulic mechanisms, which have two working of the cylinder, controlled water distribution devices.
The second of hydraulic mechanism with a step (differential) piston dividing the cylinder into two chambers, only one of which is controlled by water distribution device.
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Figure. 1 - Animation works hammers
(animation: 10 frames, 30 cycles of repetition, 190 KB). Block diagram of the device: 1 - penstock; 2 - pump; 3 - the drill string; 4 - the drill; 5 - hydraulic hammer; 6 - cutting tool.
Findings
The value of the work is to develop new mathematical models and practical designs hammers to eliminate sticking in the wells of technical and application technology.
List of sources
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- Калиниченко О. И., Комарь П. Л. Породоразрушающий и металлообрабатывающий инструмент – техника и технология его изготовления и применения. – Сборник статей. Вып. 12, – Киев, 2009, с. 44.
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