Abstract
Content
- Introduction
- 1. Urgency of work
- 2. Purpose, objectives, object, subject of research, scientific novelty
- 3. General characteristics of urban sewage sludge
- Conclusion
- Refereces
Introduction
Until recently,
the sewage sludge was taken to landfills, stored in sludge collectors,
which
occupy huge areas, in a hot climate, dried in the sun, dumped in the
ocean. In
recent years, methods have been developed for the beneficial use of
dehydrated
sediments and ash from their combustion.
In Europe and the
countries of the Baltic Sea region, there are various strategies for
recycling
sediment. In countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and
Switzerland, the
agricultural use of sewage sludge is prohibited or restricted, so the
sediment
is burned. In other countries (for example, in Finland, Estonia and
Norway)
composted sediment is used for the improvement of green areas. In some
countries, for example, in Iceland, Malta and Greece, the whole
sediment is
exported to the landfills. In Russia and Belarus, collection of
sediment in
sludge accumulators is common.
1.Urgency of work
The urgency of my
work is that due to the utilization of sewage sludge, a number of
important
problems are being solved. First of all, this: reducing the load on the
lithosphere, as a consequence - the conservation of fertile soils,
clean ground
and surface water, as well as the utilization of WWS by vermicomposting
will
make it possible to obtain an environmentally friendly organic
fertilizer -
biohumus.
2. Purpose, objectives, object, subject of research, scientific novelty
The aim of the
work is to study the possibility of using the municipal sewage sludge
received
from the treatment facilities of the company "Water Donbassa" for the
production of biohumus and cultivation of useful plants.
asks:
a) Describe the
treatment of SALT in Donetsk;
b) Determine the
advantages and disadvantages of using SALT as a fertilizer;
c) Describe the
technology of vermicomposting;
d) Establish
compliance of the biohumus with regulatory requirements;
e) Present the
methodology of the experiment;
e) On the basis of
the results obtained, it is concluded that the biohumus obtained from
SALT
influences the vital activity of plants.
The object of the
study is the sedimentation of municipal wastewater from treatment
facilities of
the KP "Company" Water of Donbass ".
The subject of the
study is the physicochemical, microbiological, sanitary and
epidemiological
characteristics of the SALT.
Scientific
novelty. For the first time, based on the results of complex studies, a
comprehensive ecological assessment of urban wastewater sediments is
given by
their composition and properties. On the basis of experimental studies,
the
possibility of environmentally safe use of WWS in agricultural
production is
justified. The ecological basis of soil utilization of WWS has been
theoretically determined and practically confirmed.
3 General characteristics of urban sewage sludge
On the territory
of the Donetsk region, in particular, a huge amount of industrial and
domestic
wastes, including precipitation, released during the purification of
domestic
sewage (WWS), the number of the last stored on sludge sites and in
sludge ponds
of sewage treatment plants of cities and settlements exceeds 2 million
t and
continues to increase daily.
The bulk of the WWS is stored on silt areas and dumps, landfills, creating technological problems in the process of wastewater treatment. The conditions of their storage, as a rule, lead to contamination of surface and groundwater, soils, vegetation. SALW stored on mud maps and heaps belong to the second class (highly hazardous) or third class (moderately hazardous) wastes. The released harmful gases have an unpleasant odor and can exceed the permissible concentrations several times. Their smell is 4-5 points on the scale of organoleptic indicators.
4 Experiment Procedure
On the basis of
the State Institution "Donetsk Botanical Garden", a study was made of
the effect of biohumus produced from excess activated sludge obtained
from WWTP
Donbass water treatment facilities. Parameters such as germination
energy (EPS)
and seed germination (Vsx) were estimated.
In the course of
the experiment, 4 types of substrate were prepared with different
contents of
the studied vermicompost (10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) and a control earth mix
that did
not contain biohumus. As the object were chosen oats and white mustard.
For
each variant of the experiment, 50 pieces were sown. seeds in 5-fold
repetition. In total, 750 seeds of each plant species participated in
the
experiment.
The experiment was
carried out as follows:
A soil mixture was
prepared in which biohumus was added in certain concentrations (10%,
25%, 50%,
100%) and a control earth mix containing no biohumus without any other
fertilizers.
As the object of
the study were selected Oats inoculum and Mustard white, because in the
conditions of our region, these plant species have high seed
germination.
12.01.2016 in the
pots with soil were seeded seeds of these plants for 50 pcs. seeds in
5-fold
repetition.
The sprouting of
these plant species occurred under certain conditions: medium air = 22
° C,
medium temperature = 24 ° C, with periodic irrigation (once every 3
days) with
ordinary standing water.
25-26.01.2016.
Extraction of plant seedlings (carefully extract a bunch of seedlings
together
with a clod of soil from the pot, soak it in water at room temperature
for 40
minutes to separate sprouts from the soil mixture and separate the
selig
bundle itself) and root washing (from the remaining soil mixture
ordinary water
at room temperature).
Adduction of
sprouts to the air-dry state at t = 105 ° C.
Weighing seedlings
on analytical scales.
Determination of
the field moisture capacity of the soil mixture:
-
Select 20 g of each soil in crucibles;
-
put in the drying cabinet;
-
we bring it to an air-dry state at t = 105 ° C for 3 hours;
-
grind the resulting mass in a mortar and sift through a sieve (d = 0.25
mm)
- We sift the sown
soil mixture into a cup with a thin layer and drip onto it with water
until the
first separated drop of water (full moisture capacity);
Conclusion
Thus, when growing
100% vermicompost, the indices were much lower than in the control
sample. In
the variant with pure vermicompost, water was poorly bound to the
substrate,
and therefore the question arose concerning the negative effect on the
field
moisture capacity of the soil mixture formed. The analysis carried out
to
determine the field moisture capacity of substrates showed that when
biohumus
is added to the soil up to 50% there is no noticeable change in the
field
moisture capacity.
It is noted that
the work is not finished yet, materials will be supplemented by studies
on the
content of heavy metals. The final version of the work can be obtained
from the
author or his supervisor after June 2018.
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