General characteristics of work
Introduction.
The effectiveness of state management of innovation processes becomes significant in the context of a strategic approach to identifying and implementing innovative priorities for the development of regions, effective management models that are results-oriented. In the state, short-term conjuncture planning was used for a long period of time, aimed at improving the economic situation within one year by agreeing on expenditures and the state budget deficit with a limited range of macroeconomic indicators. Only in 2010, work was intensified to introduce a system of strategic management in the practice of public authorities and to create a hierarchy of strategies and plans for different levels of government, as well as tools for their implementation and evaluation of the achieved goals.
The approach to the development of programs and forecasts has been changed - there is a transition from annual to long- and medium-term planning. Obligatory was the development of a strategy for the development of the region for ten years and the rejection of the annual state programs of economic and social development as morally obsolete.
Among the scientists who pay considerable attention to the issues of the regional economy: A. Amosha, P. Belenko, P. Bubenko, S. Varnalij, V. Vasilenko, S. Vovkanich, S. Gerasimchuk, M. Nizne, S. Zlupko, B. Kvasnyuk , M. Kozoriz, Yu. Makogon, V. Melnik, A. Osaulenko, V. Pyli, V. Polischuk, V. Simonenko, D. Stechenko, M. Tymchuk, V. Chuzhikova, M. Chumachenko, A. Shevchuk and others. As a consequence, in recent years, the problems of the regional development strategy have appeared in the works prepared by the teams of authors [2, 3, 5, 6; 9; 11], and by individual researchers [1, 4, 7, 8; 10]. However, despite the steady interest in the problem of innovative development of the regions, a large number of aspects remain insufficiently researched and require further processing, especially with regard to strategic innovation development of the regions.
In the master's dissertational work the advantage of managing innovative processes at the regional level is proved. The definition of the strategy of innovative development of the region as a strategic plan of action aimed at developing the potentials of the region is given, which will ensure a balanced development of all spheres of the regional system (social, economic, cultural). The paper suggests a mechanism for implementing the strategy of innovative development of the territory. Certain advantages that determine the development of innovative processes at the regional level in comparison with the national one, as well as factors that contribute to the formation and implementation of the strategy of innovative development of the territory. On the basis of the analysis, a number of factors have been identified that make it necessary to develop strategic tools at the regional level, namely: the low effectiveness of the implementation of the developed strategies for socio-economic development of the regions, inefficient use of available resources of the territories, and a steady trend of deepening depressions and imbalances in many regions.
Setting objectives.
The master's work has the following tasks:
- on the basis of determining the advantages that determine the development of innovative processes to prove the need for management of innovation processes at the regional level;
- to define the strategy of innovative development of the territory;
- to propose a mechanism for implementing the strategy of innovative development of the territory.
Methodology.
In the process of research, the system approach, methods of analogies, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical method, etc. were used.
Research results.
In the scientific literature there are different approaches to the definition of strategy:
- by identifying it with the plan or its individual elements;
- interpretation of the strategy as the definition of goals and methods (or methods) for achieving them;
- a set of principles for decision-making; line of conduct of the entity.
However, these approaches do not contradict each other, reflecting various aspects of the strategy in general and the strategy for innovative development of the territory in particular.
Thus, according to the authors [1, 4, 7, 8; 10], the strategy of innovative development of the region is a strategic plan of action aimed at developing the potential of the regions, ensuring balanced development of all spheres of the regional system (social, economic, and cultural).
Formation and implementation of the strategy of innovation development of regions is also due to a number of factors:
- low effectiveness of implementation of the developed strategies of their socio-economic development;
- inefficient use of available resources of the territories, as well as intellectual capital;
- deepening of disproportions of regional development.
At the present stage, economic growth is possible only in conditions of innovative transformations. The strategy of innovative development of regions is essentially a meso-level strategy, being a kind of a link between the macroeconomic strategy at the regional level and the state policy of regional development.
The proposed structural and logical scheme for the formation of a mechanism for implementing the strategy of innovative development of regions at the macro level, which can be extrapolated to the regional level, is shown in Fig. 1 [12]
.
Fig. 1 - Structural-logical scheme of realization of strategy of innovative development of regions [12]
The following features can be attributed to the advantages that make the development of innovation processes at the regional level in comparison with national ones:
1) the cumulative proximity of a large number of manufacturers of various industries that offer specialized products and services on time and respond flexibly to changes in demand;
2) involvement of regional actors in transnational networks;
3) the emergence of local labor funds with the concentration of specific skills and forms of training;
4) the cultural and institutional infrastructure that constantly arises inside and around industrial clusters and which is very important for the effective operation of a single local socio-economic system;
5) development of trust between regional economic actors.
In turn, the formation of strategies at the regional level will help:
- to reduce the degree of disproportion in the development of regions;
- to stimulate the development of those territories which for certain reasons can not work in a mode of self-development;
- create conditions for the emergence and functioning of potential Growth Points, the development of which is significant for the regions.
In my opinion, the formation of the strategy of innovation development of the regions should be based on significant financial and technological resources, that is, material benefits, while emphasizing the advantages of the intellectual capital of the regions.
Implementation of the development strategy in the context of the state's integration choice requires the creation of favorable institutional conditions in the regions.
For all regions it is:
1) reduction of administrative barriers for the development of scientific and innovation activities;
2) implementation of specific steps to increase investor confidence to power;
3) the development of affordable innovation infrastructure, respecting the principles of systemic and self-development.
The mentioned measures will promote activation of the region's scientific and innovative activities, attracting investments into high-tech sectors of the economy, forming of innovation infrastructure, the possibility of regions to produce innovative products, etc.
Conclusions
Thus, the strategies of innovation development of the regions will be effective when they are formed on the principles of balance of interests of the subjects of regions, orientation to the long-term result, the combination of market self-regulation and regional management of innovation processes, transparency and democratic decision-making.
The scientific novelty of this research is that the mechanism for implementing the strategy of innovative development of the territory was proposed, and also, on the basis of determining the advantages that determine the development of innovative processes, it is proved that it is necessary to manage innovative processes at the regional level.
The theoretical significance of the research is to determine the category of the strategy of innovative development of the region as a strategic plan of action aimed at developing the potential of the region, which will ensure balanced development of all spheres of the regional system (social, economic, cultural).
The practical value of the research results is that the strategies of innovative development of the regions will help to create a favorable business environment, motivation of local self-government bodies, as well as subjects of regions, providing of available natural, material, labor, financial, intellectual resources and their effective use.
The direction of further development is that regions should be given separate functions of public administration, namely, the authority to develop and implement long-term strategies for the development of regions. It is in this case that the implementation of strategies for regional innovation development will become an effective tool not only through the consolidation of the separation of powers, but also the strengthening of the role and importance of the regional level of governance of socio-economic development in a particular territory. In the context of the country's integration option, the activity of regional structures should be characterized by adaptability, high efficiency, the ability to respond quickly to changes in the endogenous and exogenous nature, using advanced regulatory methods, becoming possible through the development and implementation of a strategy for regional innovation development.
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