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Abstract

Сontents

Introduction

Today in geodesy are increasingly global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), as their use significantly increases the productivity when performing a variety of surveying. GNSS allow you to accurately and quickly determine the spatial coordinates, so the satellite measurement methods used today in the creation of geodetic networks, aerial photography, geodynamic studies in engineering geodesy, etc.

Satellite technologies in geodesy are developing rapidly. However, these geodetic measurements are fairly new. Therefore, in this sphere there are still many tasks that need to be addressed.

In particular, GNSS can provide the coordinates of the points with millimeter accuracy, but achieving such accuracy depends on a number of factors: from the technology of photography, from shooting conditions, and also from the metrological parameters of the receivers.

1. Actuality of the topic

Recently, special attention is paid to metrological certification and verification of satellite receivers. The fact is that before the measurements, any surveying instrument must be checked. It is necessary to identify the serviceability of the appliance, the reliability of its measurements and, if necessary, the appliance must be adjusted (corrected). For traditional surveying instruments (theodolites, levels, gravimeters, etc.) have developed detailed methodology of research and verification. For satellite instruments there are still no unified procedures of verification. Therefore, the problem of metrological research satellite equipment is extremely important and relevant. Worldwide actively working in this sphere. Many researchers found that for carrying out metrological verification of the satellite equipment required special polygon. In some places these polygons are already exist. But these polygons haven’t developed uniform requirements yet, and there are no single metrological of the verification of satellite equipment.

2. Purpose and tasks of research, planned results

After analyzing the problem of metrological certification of satellite equipment were finalized master’s subject, its purpose, tasks, etc.

Subject: Designing a reference polygon for metrological certification of satellite receivers on Donbass.

Objective: based on the analysis of the experience of creating polygons for the metrological certification of satellite equipment to develop the principles of local metrological polygons and create a project of a landfill for certification of satellite receivers in the Donbas.

Research methodology:

In carrying out the work using the following methods:

  1. Analysis. Polygons for the metrological certification of satellite receivers are already exist in different countries and cities. Therefore, for the development of the project of the polygon on Donbass, it is advisable to study the experience of the other countries in establishing metrological reference polygons.
  2. Synthesis. Studying and analyzing various polygons for the metrological certification of satellite receivers, it is necessary to synthesise the experience gained for the development of the principles of local metrological polygons and creation the polygon on Donbass.
  3. Designsng – preparation of the project of polygon for certification of satellite receivers on Donbass.

Tasks:

  1. The study of various polygons for the metrological certification of satellite receivers.
  2. Development of principles of local polygons for the metrological studies of the satellite equipment.
  3. Development of principles of local polygons for the metrological studies of the satellite equipment.

Idea: to draft a reference polygon for metrological certification of satellite receivers on Donbass.

Object: the problem of constructing local landfills for metrological certification of satellite receivers.

Subject: the project of reference polygon for metrological certification of satellite receivers on Donbass.

Expected result: the results of the master thesis is expected to develop principles of local polygons for the metrological certification of satellite receivers (scientific novelty) and to create a reference polygon for metrological certification of satellite receivers on the territory of Donbass (the solution of scientific and practical tasks).

3. Overview of researches

3.1 Overview of Russian sources

Russian Federation – state, which today has its own global navigation satellite system (GNSS) – GLONASS. In addition, the country is actively developing: various studies conducted in different fields of science and technology, the industrial and civil objects are builded. So, in Russia are conducted numerous studies in the field of geodesy, which helps to perform multiple tasks more accurately and more rapidly.

Because in modern geodesy the increasing role played by satellite measurements, in Russia performed a lot of research in this sphere. One of the most important research is verification and certification the satellite equipment.

The execution of geodetic works is possible if the satellite receivers in conjunction with their software (SW) subjected to metrological certification. Manufacturers can't sell surveying equipment, including GPS receivers, without the certificate of metrological verification. Organizations involved in geodetic, topographic, cadastral and other work in the field of geodesy, have no right to use non-certified equipment and can't deliver (sell) the results of the work (final products) to the customer, without presenting documents on metrological certification of the devices [1].

There is the idea that studying the certification of receivers is the question only the manufacturers of the equipment because they have to provide the buyer (geodetic organization) the appropriate documents for certification, which can then be provide to the customers.

However, any surveying equipment needs regular, but not a one-time verification. Satellite receivers are no exception.

At the moment, there are no regulatory documents for verification and certification of receivers [2].

The complexity also lies in the fact that every manufacturer of GNSS equipment, manufactures its own SW. Therefore, it also needs verification.

Another aspect that speaks about the importance of the study of Metrology satellite equipment, is that today the determination of the coordinates of points on the earth's surface with millimeter accuracy has become an ordinary task. To achieve such precision, in the foreground, not only the hardware component of the satellite technology, but also its methodological part [2].

Thus, Russian sources emphasize the importance of the study of Metrology satellite equipment, and also note that research should be directed in 3 ways:

  1. Investigation of the satellite equipment (user receivers).
  2. Study SW (programs that process the satellite measurements).
  3. Study of the methodology of performing verifications.

Scientists, involved in the question of metrology satellite systems, came to the conclusion that the implementation of verification requires a special metrologycal polygon. Several such polygons were created in Russia. For writing the master’s thesis was selected 3 polygons in Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa and Novosibirsk. The choice was made based on the amount of public information about the polygons.

Below describes the main studies and their results for these 3 polygons.

The sources of the Nizhny Novgorod researches (1, 2, 3) are given the following information needed for the thesis:

Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Nizhny Novgorod

Figure 1 – Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Nizhny Novgorod
(animation: 4 frames, 3 series, 51,3 KB)

It managed to find a technical passport of the polygon in Ufa [4].

It described:

Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Ufa

Figure 2 – Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Ufa
(animation: 6 frames, 3 series, 100 KB)

The sources of the Novosibirsk researches (5, 6, 7) are given the following information:

Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Novosibirsk

Figure 3 – Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Novosibirsk
(animation: 5 frames, 3 series, 86.8 KB)

3.2 Overview of Ukrainian sources

In Ukraine, as in many countries, active work is underway to investigate the problem of metrological certification of satellite receivers. The bulk of research in this area is produced by the staff of the National University Lviv Polytechnic. A number of studies conducted by the National scientific center Institute of Metrology, Kharkov. By results of researches was created polygons for the metrological studies of the satellite equipment in Lviv and in Kharkiv (polygon, Lyptsi).

Today continues the study created polygons and in General the metrological verification of the satellite receivers.

The staff of Institute of Metrology talking about the necessity of development of a number of general requirements for metrological polygons. When working on the creation of landfill Lyptsi had developed a list of requirements, but it is concerned directly with the designing of this polygon. Therefore, these requirements cannot be considered as common to all polygons, they need to be improved and supplemented. The developers of Kharkov landfill say that, the landfill should be free from the influence of error sources of satellite measurements. Also, the developers indicate that a significant disadvantage of the polygon, Lyptsi, which is the presence near the antenna of metallic objects [8, p. 386]. This leads to polyways of satellite signal.

The staff of Lvov Polytechnic note that for the metrological certification of satellite receivers there is no single methods embodied in the regulations. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of reference geodetic network for metrological certification of satellite equipment and the development of methods of metrological control and processing of the obtained results is an actual scientific and practical task that deserves special attention [9].

There is the basic information below regarding the Ukrainian metrological polygons required for writing the master thesis.

The sources of the Kharkov researches (8) is given the following information:

The sources of the Lvov researches (9–13) is given the following information:

Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Lvov

Figure 4 – Scheme of the geodetic network of polygon in Lvov
(animation: 5 frames, 3 series, 41.2 KB)

3.3 Overview of English sources

In the West (Europe, USA) are also carried out numerous studies related to the metrology satellite receivers. However, there are no free information which deals this subject. However, it was found a lot of information with regards to General information about the satellite equipment, the error sources of satellite measurements and ways to eliminate them or reduce their impact on the correlation measurements, etc [14, 15]. This information will be important when writing the introductory parts of the thesis.

Brief presentation of own results available at the time of finalizing the abstract

By the time of completion of the abstract, were obtained the following results:

  1. It was formed full range of work performed on Metrology geodetic polygon. The study revealed that similar polygons can be used not only for the metrological certification of satellite equipment. These polygons include points of the state geodetic network (SGN), and therefore these should also be used for calibration of all surveying instruments (theodolites, levels, gravimeters, etc.).
  2. Studied 5 metrological polygons in Russia and Ukraine: their patterns, location, types of centers, points, polygons, requirements for landfills that were put forward by their developers, etc. On the basis of analysis of the study data almost formed a complete list of requirements for reference polygons for metrological certification of satellite equipment.

Conclusion

The study of the metrology of the satellite equipment is an actual task of modern geodesy, as demand for use of the satellite equipment is growing, but its metrological verification and certification needs substantial improvement. Verification of satellite equipment must be carried out at the reference geodesic polygons. The problem is that there are a few such polygons, and on the territory of Donbass there is no polygons. There is also no mandated requirements for creating polygons and methods of verification.

In the course of performing the master's work, it is almost completed the list of requirements to the reference geodesic polygons for the validation of satellite receivers. At the end of the thesis the list will be completed and can be submitted for approval as a regulatory requirement list. Also at the end of work it will be the project for metrological polygon for certification of satellite equipment on Donbass.

Comment

At the time of writing this abstract master’s work is not completed. Estimated date of completion – June 2018. The complete text of work and materials on the subject can be obtained from author or his supervisor after the specified date.

The list of sources

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  2. Геодезический полигон Верхневолжского АГП для метрологической аттестации спутниковых приемников / Побединский Г. Г. И др. // фотограмметрические технологии в XXI веке: материалы научн.-тех. конференции – Новосибирск. – 2003. – с. 209-213.
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