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Abstract

Содержание

Introduction

Nowadays, there is a rapid development of computer-aided design (CAD) systems in such industries as aircraft, automotive, heavy engineering, architecture, construction, oil and gas industry, cartography, geographic information systems, as well as in the production of consumer goods, such as household electrical engineering. CAD is used for design and technological works, including works on technological preparation of production.

With the help of CAD, drawings are developed, three-dimensional modeling of the product and the Assembly process is carried out, auxiliary equipment, such as dies and molds, technological documentation and control programs (up) for numerical control (CNC) machines are designed, an archive is maintained.

Modern CAD systems are used for end-to-end computer-aided design, technological preparation, analysis and manufacturing of products in mechanical engineering, for electronic control of technical documentation [1].

1. Relevance of the topic

Many universal CAD systems exist Today, but it is simply not possible to cover all user needs and design tasks. This led to the need to create modules that will solve a number of specific user tasks, based on the basic CAD.

The availability of a tool that allows the creation of custom software modules integrated with the base product becomes an essential condition put forward by CAD users[2].

The Designer spends a lot of time even using automation tools or internal CAD commands.

This problem can be solved by creating a special program based on existing CAD, which in dialogue with the designer will describe and create an algorithm for designing a certain product, in our case – the pipeline.

In this paper, an analysis of existing CAD systems for a certain set of parameters was carried out. As well as the possible options of approaches and methods in the field of computer-aided design.

2.Purpose and objectives of the study, planned results

The Aim of this work is to create an add-in program on the existing CAD system that will take over the function of parametric synthesis of the design object.

Planned results:

3. Research and development review

rief description:

  1. assumes the presence of a specialized programming language designed to describe the order of synthesis of a graphical model (a set of drawings) of a design object of some type;
  2. the algorithm describes the procedure of the designer in the construction (design) of the TK block of a given type as 3 (2)d-model; i.e., the algorithm fully simulates the work of the designer;
  3. algorithm can be created, saved, edited, called for execution;
  4. algorithm is a knowledge module;
  5. a set of external variables of the algorithm is considered as TK of the knowledge module; TK can be created explicitly, saved, edited, reused;
  6. a set of internal, encapsulated computational data is considered;
  7. creates a set of formulas (unidirectional) to calculate encapsulated variables from source data;
  8. to synthesize a graphical model, a set of commands of AutoCAD type is used to create a three (two)-dimensional model of an object of a given type for a given TK for calculated variables;
  9. the language includes a set of if, WHILE, FOR commands to control the drawing process;
  10. language has the commands "add" and "delete" to edit a three dimensional model of component[3].

4. Analysis of existing CAD

4.1 CAD GRAZIA

Grazia CAD provides unique opportunities for end-to-end product design, ranging from drawing a model, developing a design based on it, design and technological documentation, performing economic calculations, up to determining the cost of the product [4 ]. The following are the main features of the system, allowing to carry out end-to-end design at the stages of development of the pattern and design of the model.

  1. Usage required to calculate fixed and variable values from the database common (for example, values of dimensional characteristics of the figures) and applies only to the described construction.
  2. Provide description and execution of branched processes in CAD using the "If"operator. For example, this: "if the value of the chest circumference is greater than the specified value, the construction is carried out so, otherwise - so."
  3. Selection of any necessary parts of the calculation and construction process into blocks or modules that can be used in the design of various products, setting the necessary parameters in each case.
  4. Automatic recalculation and rebuild of the drawing at any stage of the implementation process when changing the values of one or more parameters and within a predetermined range of size and height at the end of the description and execution of the development process of the drawing.

Recording of the process (algorithm) of end-to-end design of the model using the drawing-drawing of the product on the figure can occur as follows. The user writes on the screen in the algorithm field:

To create a new model, it is enough to save the algorithm under a new name, change the values of the parameters of the original model. When the system performs this modified algorithm, the drawings of the structure, the patterns of the main and derived parts, as well as the timesheet of measures are automatically changed.

the analysis revealed such drawbacks as:

4.2 CAD CATIA

System CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) is one of the most famous and powerful CAD/CAM/Secitem high-level [5]. It is a complex system of computer-aided design (CAD), technological preparation of production (CAM) and engineering analysis (SAE), which includes advanced tools of three-dimensional modeling, subsystem of software simulation of complex technological processes, advanced analysis tools and a single database of text and graphic information. The system allows to effectively solve all the problems of technical preparation of production – from external (conceptual) design to the production of drawings, specifications, wiring diagrams and control programs for CNC machines, etc.In addition, the functionality of CATIA additionally includes elements specific to PDM-systems. The CATIA system has a modular structure with its own mathematical core – CNEXT in the center. This approach allows the user, in addition to macros (which support all hi-end systems), to write their own modules for the CATIA system.

the project tree is an Important element in the presentation of project information. It contains the composition of all components of the project in a structured form. The elements of the project tree are:

Disadvantages:
  1. lack of restrictions allows to describe the structure of the object (for generic systems, ontologies);
  2. is missing an opportunity to describe the type of block as a plurality of alternative structures of a design object having structural differences in the external structural relationships of the internal components and their structural relationships;
  3. from the point of view of CAD is no clearly defined concept of scope;
  4. no nested ontologies;
  5. orientation only on the designer of average qualification in engineering of knowledge capable to describe sets of structures and the relation of their compatibility, but - not capable to register all stages of techniques of design as a set of consecutive actions;
  6. it is not possible to directly set the order of object construction (design) as a set of actions to create a graphical model.

4.3 CAD AVEVA

The development of all AVEVA information systems is based on the concept of creating and managing all technical information about the industrial facility throughout its life cycle. AVEVA has developed a family of VANTAGE systems to implement the idea of a comprehensive, fully integrated technology for the industrial facility — from the development of the investment justification, the technological part of the project, the detailed design, the release of project documentation, logistics management, procurement control, supply and warehousing, control over installation and commissioning, to maintenance during operation, including scheduled repairs, reconstruction of the industrial facility, and, if necessary, its dismantling and disposal. For ease of use, the VANTAGE family of systems are divided into business processes that make up the work and control of the industrial facility:

The basis of the VPD (VANTAGE Plant Design), solution for the design of industrial enterprises, is an advanced system of three-dimensional design PDMS (Plant Design Management System) AVEVA[6].

Aveva PDMS

Aveva PDMS - technology for three-dimensional design with a centralized data storage system, working in projects of any complexity and scale.

PDMS combines the capabilities of modern three-dimensional design.

Aveva PDMS has extensive customization capabilities and includes a PML programming language and .NET API system that allows you to customize the system to meet the requirements of a particular user and maximize the automation of processes.

PDMS integrates with all applications of the AVEVA Plant line and thus forms a unique system with extensive customization options for the design of industrial facilities in a three-dimensional environment [7].

AVEVA Plant

AVEVA Plant is a Suite of integrated engineering applications combined with open and flexible enterprise management solutions throughout its lifecycle.

the family includes the following solutions:

AVEVA Diagrams

AVEVA Diagrams provides efficient capabilities not only to quickly create diagrams, but also to generate these diagrams in the model database [9 ].

Proposed architecture of the software package

Proposed to perform an add-on over the CAD Diagrams included in the AVEVA complex designed to automate the design of pipelines.

This add-in will include two functions (parts).

Let us Explain their purpose.

Part 1. Creation and preservation of design methods in a given design automation language.

a program is Created that, in a dialogue with the designer, is able to ensure that he writes the text of the program in the x language, describing the algorithm for designing some type of pipelines .

The Program includes 2 sections:

  1. TK., where there are a number of parameters with interval values.
  2. In fact the program of automation of the design, which includes a set of rendering commands separate elements of pipelines of various types.

Section 1 dealing with the creation of TK should be able to:

Section 2 dealing with the actual design of TK should be able to:

Thus, some language X is needed, the syntax of which provides for the presence of commands describing internal variables, commands to create graphical elements, commands to control IF, FOR, WHILE, and commands to remove or insert primitives into the drawing.

this program can be created and saved as a separate design procedure for an item of a certain type.

Part 2. Synthesis of decision on TK.

Assumes that you can do the following:

Output

In the course of this work, it was found that many CAD systems do not have a number of functions of parametric synthesis of the design object. In particular, such systems include pipeline CAD. The same CAD systems that have these functions cannot fully support pipeline design. It's CAD like Catia and grace.

Based on this, it becomes clear that you need to create a program based on existing CAD, which will be implemented parametric synthesis of the design object. CAD analysis showed that AVEVA pipelines Diagrams would be a better base for this type of program.

To solve this problem, we propose a General architecture of the software complex.

the presence of the architecture will allow you to go to the development:

References

  1. Актуальность применения САПР [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://sapr.ru/article/7837
  2. Способы представления экспертных методик проектирования в интеллектуальных САПР. Анализ подходов и перспективы развития Григорьев А.В.,Международный конгресс по интеллектуальным системам и информационным технологиям
  3. Булатова Е.Б., Ещенко В.И., О. В. Журавлева -Реализация сквозного модульного проектирования изделий в САПР "Грация" [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.saprgrazia.com/articles.php?id=85
  4. Case – технологии [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://studfiles.net/preview/1654510/page:11/
  5. САПР CATIA[Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.3ds.com/ru/produkty-i-uslugi/catia/
  6. Решения компании AVEVA для проектирования промышленных предприятий [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://sapr.ru/article/15803
  7. Aveva PDMS [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82:Aveva_PDMS
  8. Aveva Plant [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.aveva.com/~/media/Aveva/Russian-RU/Brochures/AVEVA%20Plant.pdf
  9. Aveva Diagrmas [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.aveva.com/~/media/Aveva/Russian-RU/Brochures/Diagrams.ashx
  10. Официальный сайт Aveva [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.aveva.com/ru-RU/Solutions/Product_Finder/AVEVA_Diagrams/