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Summary of the final work

Content

Introduction

Civil Defense (GO) – the system of measures to prepare for the protection and protection of the population, material and cultural values from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions, as well as in emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature [1].

Emergency (ES) – This is a situation in a certain area, caused by an accident, a dangerous natural phenomenon, catastrophe, natural or other disaster that may or may lead to loss of life, damage to human health or the natural environment, significant material losses and violation of living conditions of people [2].

To solve problems of ensuring the safety of the population and territories from emergency situations, it is necessary to use information support to support management decision-making using a special geographic information system. The danger of emergencies in the modern world is complex and the effective solution of the problems of protecting the population and territories requires the use of modern geoinformation technologies. This problem is particularly relevant for large settlements, where most of the territory is in the high-risk zone.

The use of appropriate geo-information support for informational support of management decisions related to emergency situations is currently limited because of insufficient scientific background in this area [3].

In this regard, there is a need to create a special geographic information support that will allow for the collection, systematization and analysis of information.

1. Relevance of the research topic

Ensuring the safety of citizens and the protection of society as a whole is one of the most important functions of the state. The danger of emergencies (ES) in the modern world is complex and to effectively address the problem of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, it is necessary to quickly create and use appropriate integrated cartographic software based on modern information technologies and cartographic databases. This is especially important for large industrial centers, where most of the territory is located in a high-risk zone.

To solve problem–oriented tasks to protect the population of large cities from emergency situations, it is necessary to create municipal geographic information systems (MGIS) that will allow you to integrate heterogeneous information, process it using various methods and present it in a form suitable for analysis.

A GIS should reflect the nature and size of the possible threat, using the spatial aspect in emergency information and relying on a cartographic way of presenting information. The cartographic information within the framework of the (MGIS) provides opportunities for predicting the place, time and scale of the supposed negative impacts of emergencies of various nature and allows you to quickly carry out emergency and rescue activities.

Taking into account these circumstances, the task arose of creating problem–oriented geoinformation cartographic support and a corresponding GIS (ES) aimed at improving the functioning of management bodies to identify emergency sources, reduce their risk, respond quickly and mitigate the consequences of emergency situations [4].

2. The purpose and objectives of research

Purpose of work – development and application of technologies to create a municipal information system for operational management in emergency situations (ES) and civil defense (CS).             

Object of study : the municipal geoinformation system (MGIS) for the operational management of the activities of bodies and divisions of civil defense and emergency situations to protect the population from various emergencies.

Subject of research : tasks in emergency situations (ES) and civil defense (GD), to ensure the safety and protection of the population and objects of the city.

Main research objectives :

  1. Analysis of existing types of emergencies, their classification, in order to apply the technologies for creating municipal geographic information system (MGIS) for the operational management of tasks for (GO) and (ES).

  2. Development of technological schemes for the creation and operation of geographic information support for operational management decisions and situation simulation, as well as for analysis and prediction of emergencies.

  3. Development and systematization of the content of cartographic information necessary for solving management problems in an emergency.

  4. Development of an information model of an integrated territorial database (DB) about potentially dangerous objects, population life support systems and possible emergency situations.

  5. Development and implementation in the form of a rational specialized user interface (MGIS) for the operational management of (GO) and (ES) tasks with geo-information cartographic software.

  6. To test the proposed technology of geographic information mapping.

The studies in this paper are based on the tasks of civil defense and emergency situations using a systematic approach, the basic principles of the theory of cartography, geoinformatics, the fundamentals of the theory of modeling, monitoring and forecasting emergencies. In the development and implementation of (MGIS) used modern software and computer software.

3. Municipal GIS

Interactive GIS can contain any information that may be useful and claimed by the residents of the city – such as the location of social and cultural facilities, services, polling stations, government agencies, commercial organizations, etc.

GIS technology for decades has been used by government agencies at various levels: urban, regional, federal.

    

After analyzing the global software market, which can become the basis for the design, development and launch of the MGIS project, the choice was made on solutions from ESRI. When creating software products, this company is focused on meeting the current needs of GIS users, including in the field of municipal management. For each of the software products of the ArcGIS family, there is detailed documentation, usage examples, developer tools, technical support is provided [5].

4. Theoretical substantiation of the solution of problems, technology of performance of work

Based on the analysis of existing municipal geographic information systems (MGIS) for the tasks (GO) and (ES), the advantages and disadvantages of the existing software were identified, the types of tasks that are most suitable for cartographic realization were identified.

As a result of the analysis, it was decided to consider the following tasks (GO) and (PC):

  1. Prediction of the consequences of an accident during transportation of hazardous substances (emergency chemical substances);

  2. The effect of hazardous geological processes (earthquakes) on people and objects;

  3. Effects of hazardous meteorological processes and forest fires on people and objects;

  4. Methods for predicting the fire and explosion hazard of gas–air mixtures;

  5. Sizing of the chemical contamination zone;

  6. Prediction of the consequences of the accident at the nuclear power plant and the sanitary–epidemiological situation.

A software package with the necessary functionality in geoprocessing and editing of both raster and vector data from ArcGIS Desktop was selected as a tool for this work.

ArcGIS – This is a powerful platform, which already has a large number of functions that users need:

Experience in implementing these projects shows that the ArcGIS platform has all the necessary features that allow you to design and create control systems with high efficiency.

For each task, a flowchart and implementation algorithm will be developed in ArcGIS Desktop, and appropriate features will be highlighted.

5. Software implementation of tasks

We consider the software implementation on the example of the task of (ES) “Determination of the size of the zone of chemical contamination”. The superstructure will be designed to carry out calculations of the affected areas and determine the degree of risk resulting from accidents at industrial facilities. It is planned to create a panel in ArcMap, ArcScene applications, which will consist of a set of commands and tools.

The map will be implemented vector coverings of dangerous objects with certain characteristics.

As a result of solving this problem, we obtain the following functions:

  1. Calculation of the affected areas in an arbitrary location on the map (from a point, line or polygon);

  2. Calculate damage zones from a group of dangerous objects from any vector layer on the map while keeping the calculations in a separate geodatabase;

  3. Calculation of the accident parameters (explosion, fire, chemistry, etc.);

  4. Formation of text and tabular reports.

Since the original data of the various techniques are partially repeated, the informational basis will be divided into two parts: general and specific.

General data means the following source data:

Specific data are individual for each calculation method.      

In the course of work, you can specify the data manually or use the attribute characteristics of the vector layer of dangerous objects.

Calculation results for interactive simulation (calculation in an arbitrary location on the map with real-time display of affected areas when input data changes) are saved as a graphic layer on the map.

An example of a visual display of the affected areas at various sites [7], a forest fire forecast for monitoring and analyzing the spread taking into account its type, meteorological characteristics and characteristics of vegetation [8], presented below:

Картинки по запросу сталеплавильная печь гиф картинка

Animation (6 frames, 728 kb, repeating constantly) – Modules "Techno Emergency (operator)" and "Forest Fire"

Conclusion

    

Municipal geoinformation support will provide timely, reliable and complete data on potentially dangerous objects and life support systems. In addition, the use of the forecast module will allow you to display the nature and size of the possible threat, using the spatial aspect in emergency information (ES) and based on the cartographic way of presenting information, apply the necessary measures in a given situation for civil defense (CS).

Based on the available data, it will be possible to simulate various types and types of accidents, monitor and forecast the development of emergency parameters to dangerous and critical values. Integrated information will provide an opportunity to predict the place, time and scale of the alleged negative impacts of emergency situations of various kinds.

As a final result, it is expected to get the development of a technological model of municipal geographic information systems (MGIS) for civil defense (CS) and emergency situations (ES), taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of existing developments.

List of sources

  1. «Гражданская оборона». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гражданская_оборона.
  2. «ПЛАН - КОНСПЕКТ для проведения занятий по ГО и ЧС». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. http://ispu.ru/files/Plan-kospekt.pdf.
  3. Ю.С. Щербаков. «ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ЗАЩИТЫ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osnovnye-napravleniya-razvitiya-geoinformatsionnogo-obespecheniya-v-oblasti-zaschity-naseleniya-i-territoriy-v-chrezvychaynyh.
  4. Ю.С. Щербаков. «Геоинформационное картографирование для оперативного управления в чрезвычайных ситуациях». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. http://earthpapers.net/geoinformatsionnoe-kartografirovanie-dlya-operativnogo-upravleniya-v-chrezvychaynyh-situatsiyah.
  5. «Подходы к проектированию МГИС». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. https://studfiles.net/preview/5768752/page:6/.
  6. Дмитрий Мозжухин, Татьяна Купецкая, Геннадий Радионов, Александр Рудов. «ArcGIS в системах муниципального и государственного управления». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. https://www.esri-cis.ru/news/arcreview/detail.php?ID= 1550&SECTION_ID=43.
  7. ООО «Инновации Технологии Решения в области Геоинформационных систем» Модуль «Техно ЧС (оператор) ». [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. http://introgis.ru/pointrogis/13/.
  8. С.А. Митакович. ООО «Инновации Технологии Решения в области Геоинформационных систем».[Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: свободный. https://www.esri-cis.ru/news/arcreview/detail.php?ID=7818&SECTION_ID=252.