Abstract
When the abstract was writing this master's work was not complete yet. Final completion: june 2020. Full text of work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the website after this date.
Content
- Introduction
- 1. Goal and tasks of the research
- 2. Analysis of the subject of the study
- 2.1 General characteristic of the object
- 2.2 Demographic analysis
- Conclusion
- References
Introduction
Over the past ten years, the Internet has finally entered our lives, not only at work, but also at home. Many of us now perceive it as an ordinary resource necessary for everyday life — just like electricity, water, heat, cellular communication. In developed countries, the Internet has become an integral part of life a little earlier. It is only natural that each of us expects to receive the information resources of the global network at a high–speed level and at affordable prices. However, for some categories of citizens, a quality Internet access channel remains an unattainable dream or luxury. These are residents of the private sector and low–rise houses.
Wireless broadband Internet access networks for many residents of low–rise residential buildings are a practical panacea, as the wire channel is either in principle impossible to conduct to similar residential areas, or its cost is simply impossible
for private clients.
1. Goal and tasks of the research
The aim of scientific work is research of the impact of population demography of low–rise development on Internet traffic.
The main tasks to perform are:
- analysis of the demographic component;
- evaluation of internet traffic and quality of services provided;
- analysis of problems of connection of low–rise buildings;
- simulation of changes in internet traffic from demographic component.
2. Analysis of the object of the research
2.1 General characteristic of the object
In this research work, the conditions of access to global networks for the complex of low–rise development are being studied.
Over the past decades, the internet has entered our lives completely, and at home and at work. The Internet is already perceived as a completely ordinary resource, it is necessary for us every day, similar to electricity, water, heat, cellular communication. In modern developed countries the Internet is already a full service, part of our life. Naturally, everyone wants to receive information flows on the global network at a high speed of access and at affordable prices. But for some citizens, a quality channel of access to the network remains — an unattainable dream or a luxury item. These are residents of private houses and low–rise buildings.
In today's 21st century, information transfer technologies have gone very far, from signal lights to space satellites, from pigeon mail to smartphones. For residents of multi–story buildings, the choice of Internet connection is more than wide, but the situation with the private sector is very different. The fact is that none of the providers considers it economically feasible to invest their resources and invest in the creation of network infrastructure of the private sector. They explain this by the complexity of cable laying and the placement of intermediate switching equipment, the long length of lines, the low territorial density of potential customers, as well as their low information culture [1,2].
Figure 1 — Low–rise building complex
2.2 Demographic Analysis
The size of the population and its composition directly affect the scale of production and the rate of development of all spheres of life of the Territory. Naturally, demographic processes — fertility, mortality and migration — depend to a large extent on the socio–economic situation and living standards of the population.
According to the General Department of Statistics of the DNR as of January 1, 2019, the total population of the Republic amounted to 2.3 million people, including 94 % of the urban population and 6 % of the rural population. The birth rate in the Republic has negative dynamics. However, it is worth noting that at the same time the mortality rate, on the contrary, has a small positive dynamic in the decline and by the end of 2018 decreased by 0.5 %. Using statistics, a demographic pyramid can be constructed [6,7].
Figure 2 — Age demographic pyramid (animation: 8 frames, 7 cycle of repetition, 105 Kb)
Low–rise construction includes houses up to 5 floors and below. The average family lives in one apartment and consists of 3 people. Options are possible to increase and decrease residents, as well as other number of residents in the apartment. After analysis, we obtain the following average data.
| 5 floors | 4 floors | 3 floors | 2 floors | 1 floors | |
| Number of apartments to the entrance | 20 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 4 |
| Living in the same entrance, people | 60 | 48 | 36 | 24 | 12 |
| Number of apartments accessible to the Internet | 18 | 14 | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| Number of wireless devices | 65 | 52 | 39 | 26 | 13 |
| Number of wired devices | 36 | 29 | 22 | 14 | 7 |
| Number of apartments per complex of houses | 300 | 320 | 180 | 80 | 56 |
| Living in the same house, people | 900 | 960 | 540 | 240 | 168 |
| Number of apartments accessible to the Internet | 270 | 288 | 162 | 72 | 50 |
| Number of wireless devices | 972 | 1037 | 583 | 259 | 181 |
| Number of wired devices | 540 | 576 | 324 | 144 | 101 |
The percentage of apartments with full access to the network is 90 %. Of these, 40 % is traffic generated by wireless access devices and 50 % is traffic generated by wired devices. On average, up to 8–10 wireless devices and up to 3–5 wired devices per apartment. The total number of the population of the complex of low–rise development is 2.8 thousand people. Using statistical data, we will carry out an analysis of the use of Internet services, people of a certain age group within 24 hours [8].
| 0:00–2:00 | 2:00–4:00 | 4:00–6:00 | 6:00–8:00 | 8:00–10:00 | 10:00–12:00 | 12:00–14:00 | 14:00–16:00 | 16:00–18:00 | 18:00–20:00 | 20:00–22:00 | 22:00–00:00 | |
| 2–5 | 0 % | 0 % | 7 % | 10 % | 16 % | 17 % | 17 % | 16 % | 82 % | 84 % | 81 % | 3 % |
| 6–13 | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 30 % | 8 % | 8 % | 15 % | 66 % | 90 % | 95 % | 90 % | 15 % |
| 14–18 | 7 % | 0 % | 0 % | 40 % | 8 % | 8 % | 8 % | 60 % | 90 % | 95 % | 90 % | 50 % |
| 19–24 | 18 % | 8 % | 0 % | 50 % | 7 % | 7 % | 7% | 7% | 88 % | 95 % | 93 % | 72 % |
| 25–29 | 17 % | 7 % | 2 % | 65 % | 7 % | 6 % | 6 % | 7 % | 55 % | 90 % | 95 % | 88 % |
| 30–34 | 14 % | 6 % | 3 % | 66 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 6 % | 45 % | 89 % | 94 % | 87 % |
| 35–39 | 7 % | 4 % | 2 % | 65 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 6 % | 47 % | 89 % | 95 % | 88 % |
| 40–44 | 6 % | 4 % | 2 % | 67 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 6 % | 45 % | 90 % | 95 % | 88 % |
| 45–49 | 4 % | 0 % | 2 % | 65 % | 7 % | 6 % | 6 % | 7 % | 55 % | 90 % | 95 % | 88 % |
| 50–54 | 0 % | 0 % | 3 % | 66 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 6 % | 45 % | 89 % | 94 % | 87 % |
| 55–59 | 0 % | 0 % | 2 % | 65 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 6 % | 47 % | 89 % | 95 % | 88 % |
| 60–64 | 0 % | 0 % | 7 % | 58 % | 48 % | 27 % | 1 8% | 24 % | 31 % | 58 % | 35 % | 4 % |
| 65–69 | 0 % | 0 % | 9 % | 52 % | 44 % | 23 % | 17% | 22% | 29 % | 52 % | 23 % | 2 % |
| 70+ | 0 % | 0 % | 10 % | 45 % | 20 % | 10 % | 5 % | 30 % | 20 % | 15 % | 17 % | 3 % |
Table 2 shows the percentages for the two hour interval. After dividing the data by an hour interval, we will plot the dependence of Internet use of a certain age group.
Figure 2 — Percentage graph of dependence of Internet usage of a certain age group at specified time intervals
We calculate the average value of generation of Internet traffic by one person per hour. For this purpose, using statistical data, we will show the average between listening to music online, watching videos, communicating in messengers, surfing the Internet, online games, downloading files and further using them offline.
| Mb/h | Gb/h | |
| Music | 76.8 | 0.077 |
| Video | 2233 | 2.233 |
| Messengers | 12 | 0.012 |
| Games | 500 | 0.5 |
| Surfing | 10 | 0.01 |
| Download and Offline Use | 2000 | 2 |
| Average | 805.3 | 0.805 |
Using the data of Table 2, we calculate the number of active Internet users. Then summing up the number of people from all age groups, we get a value equal to the number of hours that all people spend during the day, equal to 20791.
By making an estimate of the Internet traffic generated by people from the given age groups, we will find that the total traffic is approximately 16.7 TB
Conclusion
In analyzing the above material, it can be concluded that for residents of private houses and low–rise buildings all existing methods do not allow to organize a reliable, high–speed and inexpensive channel. But there is one technology that can solve this problem.
Wireless networks Wi–fi. With this technology, you can quickly create wireless channels from cable Internet providers to the private home. If you install a powerful Wi–Fi active street antenna on a multi–story building — with a 120–180 degree chart opening angle aimed at the private sector. And in each private house a receiving device is installed, which can receive the emitted signal. Thus, a Wi–Fi one–to–many radio channel will be created. It can also be concluded that the demographic component strongly affects total Internet traffic.
References
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