Innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation in the context of improving the drug safety of the BRICS countries
Content
Introduction
The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most socially significant areas of state development. The need for its development is due to a change in the demographic situation in the world, an aging population and declining birth rates; increasing life expectancy;the spread of chronic diseases and an increase in the demand for medicines (MP) ..
Formulation of the problem
In 2020, the average life expectancy in the world was 78 years, compared to 2013, in 2024 a further increase in life expectancy is predicted to 86 years. At the same time, in 2020, there was an increase in demand for medicinal products by 21% compared to 2015g.[7]. For the Russian Federation, in the context of the geopolitical situation in the world, the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry will be one of the components of drug safety. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the pharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation in the context of the BRICS countries and identify the prospects for its innovative development.
Analysis of previous research and publications
The World Health Organization (WHO), the Pharmaceutical Safety Institute (PSI), and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) deal with health issues, assessing the availability and availability of medicines (drugs) at the international level. A significant contribution to the study of the development of the pharmaceutical market was made by Russian scientists O.E. Kotova, Yu.M. Filatova, L.V. Moshkova, as well as foreign researchers A. Shanda, S. Makhabubi, and others. A significant contribution to the study of the pharmaceutical market of countries BRICS were made by K.B. Kostin, A. Sumner, M. Tannuri, et al.
Key research findings
In 2018, 75% of the production capacity of the global pharmaceutical industry was concentrated within the US and European markets, which form the Big Pharma group [10]. The most powerful potential for innovative development of the global pharmaceutical industry is directed primarily at the production of innovative drugs (Table 1).
Table 1 – Top 15 of the most significant global drugs, 2019 [12]
|
Ranking place |
Drug classification |
Sales volume (USD billion) |
Share in the international market, % |
||||
|
|
|
2019 g. |
2024 g. |
Δ, % |
2019 g. |
2024 g. |
Δ, % |
|
1 |
Oncological |
123,0 |
233,0 |
89,43 |
14,8 |
18,6 |
0,26 |
|
2 |
Antidiabetic |
52,1 |
59,5 |
14,20 |
6,3 |
4,8 |
–0,24 |
|
3 |
Anti–inflammatory |
61,3 |
56,7 |
–7,50 |
8,8 |
4,5 |
–0,49 |
|
4 |
Vaccines |
28,8 |
44,6 |
54,86 |
4,6 |
3,6 |
–0,22 |
|
5 |
Antiviral |
44,8 |
39,9 |
–10,94 |
6,3 |
3,2 |
–0,49 |
|
6 |
Immunosuppressants |
14,9 |
38,1 |
155,70 |
2,8 |
3,0 |
0,07 |
|
7 |
Bronchodilators (reducing shortness of breath) |
31,2 |
32,3 |
3,53 |
4,3 |
2,6 |
–0,40 |
|
8 |
Dermatological |
14,5 |
30,3 |
29,3 |
2,2 |
2,4 |
0,09 |
|
9 |
Sensory preparations |
23,6 |
26,9 |
108,97 |
3,7 |
2,2 |
–0,41 |
|
10 |
Antihypertensive (pressure reducing) |
25,0 |
24,4 |
13,98 |
3,2 |
2,0 |
–0,38 |
|
11 |
Anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) |
18,8 |
22,9 |
–2,40 |
3,8 |
1,8 |
–0,53 |
|
12 |
Anti–inflammatory |
23,7 |
21,5 |
21,81 |
3,1 |
1,7 |
–0,45 |
|
13 |
Antifibrinolytics (reduce blood loss) |
15,7 |
20,4 |
–9,28 |
2,1 |
1,6 |
–0,24 |
|
14 |
Antioxidants |
13,3 |
16,4 |
29,94 |
2,3 |
1,3 |
–0,43 |
|
15 |
Antianemic drugs |
8,2 |
15,7 |
23,31 |
1,2 |
1,3 |
0,08 |
|
Top 15 |
498,9 |
682,6 |
0,37 |
69,5 |
54,6 |
– 0,21 |
|
|
Others |
379 |
567 |
0,49 |
46,0 |
45,4 |
–0,01 |
|
|
Total sales |
877,9 |
1249,6 |
– |
115,5 |
100 |
– |
|
Note: 2024 data are projections.
Indicators of foreign trade turnover of BRICS drugs indicate the predominance of drug imports, which confirms the dependence on foreign supplies of drugs (Table 2) and limits the possibility of economic growth and the integration of BRICS pharmaceutical companies into the world drug market.
Table 2 – Indicators of foreign trade turnover of medicines of the Russian Federation with the BRICS countries, 2019 [11].
|
|
Exports, USD billion |
Export, drugs USD bln. |
Share of drugs in total exports, % |
Imports, USD billion |
Medicines imports, USD billion |
Share of drugs in total imports,% |
|
BRICS |
3 600,7 |
24,0854 |
0,67 |
3 155,4 |
49,13 |
1,56 |
|
India |
323,1 |
12,9 |
3,99 |
507,6 |
1,8 |
0,35 |
|
China |
2494,0 |
8,9 |
0,36 |
2135,0 |
27,9 |
1,31 |
|
Brazil |
239,9 |
1,2 |
0,50 |
181,2 |
6,6 |
3,64 |
|
Russia |
449,3 |
0,635 |
0,14 |
238,2 |
10,6 |
4,45 |
|
South Africa |
94,4 |
0, 4504 |
0,48 |
93,4 |
2,23 |
2,39 |
To assess the importance of intra–industry drug trade in the BRICS countries, as well as the quality of interaction and the degree of complementarity of the BRICS economies in the pharmaceutical sector, we calculate the Trade Overlap Index and the Trade Complementarily Index (Table 3).
Table 3 – Index of overlap and complementarity of trade between the Russian Federation and the BRICS countries
|
Trade Overlap Index |
|||||
|
India |
China |
Brazil |
Russia |
South Africa |
|
|
0,244898 |
0,483696 |
0,307692 |
0,11304 |
0,03452 |
|
|
Complementarity index |
|||||
|
Importer |
India |
China |
Brazil |
Russia |
South Africa |
|
Exporter |
|||||
|
India |
– |
98,66 |
99,825 |
99,77 |
99,2 |
|
China |
99,995 |
– |
98,36 |
97,955 |
98,985 |
|
Brazil |
99,925 |
99,595 |
– |
98,025 |
99,055 |
|
Russia |
99,895 |
99,415 |
98,25 |
– |
98,875 |
|
South Africa |
99,935 |
99,585 |
98,42 |
98,015 |
– |
According to calculations, interindustry trade prevails in the BRICS countries, which do not facilitate technology exchange. The average complementarity index between the BRICS countries was 99.087, which indicates a high degree of complementarity in drug trade, which confirms the possibility of effective cooperation between the BRICS countries in the field of R&D and drug production.
According to the analytical agency DSM group, the volume of the pharmaceutical market in the Russian Federation has increased 3.3 times over the past 10 years, which indicates a tendency for the active development of the drug market (Fig. 1).
Figure 1 – Capacity of the Russian pharmaceutical market [3]
According to the report Global Innovation Index (GII)
in 2019, the Russian Federation took 46th place in rating of countries by the level of innovative development[6]. In terms of the innovation quality indicator, the gap within the BRICS grouping is small, which indicates the similarity of innovation potential in terms of innovation quality (Fig. 2).
Figure 2 – Ranking of countries according to the innovation quality indicator, 2019 [6]
A completely new patient–centered 4P healthcare model is gaining popularity.The main goal of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development of the pharmaceutical industry for the period up to 2030 is to guarantee the security of the Russian Federation in the field of drug supply to the population.The implementation of the Roadmap's action plan will allow solving problems in the field of ensuring high living standards of the citizens of the Russian Federation, the security priorities of the Russian Federation and, in general, will contribute to sustainable growth of the country's economy. For the BRICS countries, for which the demographic problem is very urgent, such developments will improve drug safety and increase the life expectancy of the nation as a whole.
Сonclusions
The presence of prospects for the innovative development of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation in the context of the BRICS countries, which has a large scientific and consumer potential, as well as a large–scale domestic market, is revealed. An increase in the capacity of the pharmaceutical market in terms of Russian drugs has been determined. However, the transition of Russian healthcare to a new model 4P medicine is only at the initial stage, which is associated with an insufficient level of development of innovation, training, infrastructure, institutional conditions for doing business, in connection with which a roadmap for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation has been built.
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