Автор: Baturina A.A., Ustinova L.N., Romanko V.V.
Источник: Young scientists' researches and achievements in science = Научные исследования и достижения молодых ученых: сб. материалов науч.-практ. конф.,г. Донецк 25 апреля 2024 года./ Ред. кол.: А.Я. Аноприенко (пред.); Л.В. Соснина; отв. ред. Е.Н. Кушниренко. – Донецк: Донецкий национальный технический университет, 2024.
Baturina A.A., Ustinova L.N., Romanko V.V. Methods of enterprise profit management. The article examines the main functions of profit and examines in detail various methods of profit management of an enterprise and their application to optimize financial results and ensure sustainable business development. The economic, organizational, distributive, and socio-psychological methods of profit management are analyzed.
Profit management is a systematic process that includes the preparation, evaluation, selection and implementation of various management decisions on all aspects of its formation, distribution and use in a particular enterprise. For the effective functioning of the profit management system, it is necessary to have appropriate data that allow for constant monitoring of the profit formation process, evaluate operating and gross profit, and analyze factors affecting the amount of profit [5].
The main goal of profit management is to maximize the well-being of the owners of the enterprise both in the present and in the future. In addition, it is also important to coordinate the interests of the owners with the interests of the state and the employees of this enterprise.
Based on the above, it can be noted that in modern business conditions, one of the key tasks of enterprises is to master effective methods of profit management. To identify such methods, let's look at the main profit functions.
Firstly, profit performs an evaluation function, showing the economic effect of the company's activities and evaluating the effectiveness of economic activity. It is important to note that along with profit, a whole range of indicators is taken into account when analyzing financial and production activities. Profit reflects only the final result of the company's activities.
Secondly, profit plays a stimulating role, being the main source of financial resources of the enterprise. It is used to finance production, material incentives for employees, as well as social and scientific and technical development.
Thirdly, profit performs a fiscal function, being a source of tax deductions to the state budget and to extra-budgetary funds.
The method of profit management of an enterprise is defined as the impact that the subject of management exerts on subordinate objects in order to obtain a specific result. Based on the above functions, various groups of profit management methods of modern enterprises can be distinguished [3].
Competent management of profit formation involves the creation of appropriate organizational and methodological systems at the enterprise, understanding the basic mechanisms of profit formation, and the use of modern methods of analysis and planning. The analysis of the available methods allows them to be grouped into the following types.
Profit management methods are divided into 3 main groups. This is influenced by the patterns that exist in production, as well as the peculiarities of relations between all members of the workforce. There are economic, organizational, and socio-psychological management methods.
For maximum impact, it is necessary to use all groups of methods together, i.e. systematically. Thus, one method will complement and enhance the other. This will allow the company to effectively manage profits based on a synergistic effect - an additional result obtained from the close interaction of individual elements of the system. The main economic indicator of the synergetic effect is the presence of a certain level of net profit.
Let's take a closer look at each of the listed groups of methods.
1. Economic methods of profit management of an enterprise consist in using a system of measures that, with the help of various economic instruments and incentives, directs the company's activities in accordance with public needs, having an indirect impact on production processes. This profit management system includes the use of all economic levers: labor incentives, tax management, pricing policy formation, and more. It is important that these tools are applied comprehensively and systematically, covering all aspects of the managed object.
Economic methods include planning, which acts as one of the profit management tools. Planning is the process of developing and adopting qualitative and quantitative targets and choosing ways to achieve them most effectively. This approach defines the strategy, objectives and ways to implement them within the company. The purpose of planning is to choose the most effective direction of development from all existing options that would reduce the risk of making unreasonable, unprofitable decisions. And profit management directly affects the increase of responsibility for the timeliness and quality of management decisions [1].
Анализ как экономический метод управления позволяет оценить основные показатели деятельности организации. Это позволяет создать благоприятные условия для работы компании и устранить факторы, препятствующие развитию предприятия.
Analysis as an economic management method allows you to evaluate the main performance indicators of an organization. This allows you to create favorable conditions for the company's work and eliminate factors that hinder the development of the enterprise.
Pricing is carried out by the manager based on the desire to maximize the standard profit. Such an approach as economic stimulation is also very effective. It allows you to reward individual departments or employees in whose work the organization is most interested. Financial stimulation of labor is the main aspect of employee motivation. The introduction of bonuses and incentives allows you to increase productivity and interest employees in improving product quality. It includes wages, bonuses, incentives, allowances, financial assistance – all that is provided at the enterprise for specific achievements in work, fulfillment and overfulfilling of the plan. Sometimes employees receive a share of the company's profits or a block of shares. That is, financial incentives are a very important component in managing the profit of an enterprise.
It is also necessary to pay attention to such an element in the system of economic methods of profit management of an enterprise as tax policy. The state can influence the profits of companies through tax policy by setting income tax rates. High tax rates can reduce the profits of companies because they have to pay more taxes from their income. This can limit investment, the growth of companies and their ability to create jobs. On the other hand, low tax rates can stimulate entrepreneurial activity, investment and economic growth, as companies have more funds for business expansion and development. The state may also provide various benefits and tax credits for certain industries or activities to encourage certain behavioral patterns or investments. Rates and benefits are the main instruments of tax regulation.
2. Organizational and administrative methods of profit management of an enterprise are based on the use of power as the main motivational factor. This approach involves strict compliance with laws and regulations, as well as a clear definition of the roles and responsibilities of managers and subordinates. Violation of these relations by subordinates entails the application of sanctions. Organizational and administrative management methods are aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the management system at all levels through optimal organization. They include legislative acts regulating the rights and obligations of managed facilities and creating conditions for the operation of enterprises.
There is a classification of organizational and administrative methods depending on the methods of their impact. These methods include regulations, instructions, norms, directive requirements, responsibilities and powers, orders, orders and others. The three main groups of such methods are disciplining, organizational-stabilizing and administrative. These groups of methods are closely interrelated and are used in a complex to achieve maximum efficiency [6].
3. Socio-psychological methods of profit management of an enterprise are a set of techniques and tools that are used by management to influence various aspects of management in order to create a favorable moral and psychological environment in the organization that contributes to the most effective solution of tasks. In this case, they affect the relationship between employees, their attitude to the workflow and the environment.
These methods of profit management play a key role in improving the efficiency of the organization. A competent manager should take these aspects into account. When applying strategies to influence team members, he chooses the optimal approach. Thus, he manages to form a group of employees who share common goals and objectives [2].
Most of the company's success depends on the manager's ability to interact with the staff. Each employee needs an individual approach, which helps to increase their motivation to achieve a common goal. In this case, the employee feels responsible to the entire group and his supervisor, striving to perform the tasks in the best possible way and as efficiently as possible.
The objects of management using socio-psychological methods are: personal characteristics of employees, as well as their psychological and psychophysiological characteristics; ways of organizing work and workplaces; the system of selection, placement, training and retraining of personnel.
When using these methods, the socio-psychological microclimate in the team is assessed, and its impact on the criteria for evaluating the work of individual employees is considered. The necessary components for creating a favorable microclimate are the principles of voluntariness, equality, responsibility, self-discipline and compromises both between management and the team and within the labor community.
To study the level of satisfaction of employees with the socio-psychological environment, survey methods, observations, psychological tests and other research approaches are used. Based on the data obtained, various measures are being developed to improve socio-psychological interactions in the team to the required level. These include psychological trainings, training of managers in the basics of socio-psychological management and preparation of the team for the introduction of such methods by management.
To effectively manage the profit of an enterprise, it is necessary to apply certain methods that depend on both internal and external factors. The systematic use of these methods, including a combination of their various groups, will contribute to improving the effectiveness of the organization's activities. The choice of certain methods, depending on specific conditions, will help to successfully manage the company's profits and achieve financial well-being.