Abstract. In the modern conditions of the development of the Russian economy, human capital is not just one of the elements of the system of social reproduction, but one of the main factors of economic development and increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. Human resources play a crucial role in achieving competitive advantages and ensuring high-quality parameters of economic growth.

Keywords: labor productivity, factor, growth reserves, enterprise.

The relevance of research. Labor productivity is one of the integral measures of the technological development of society, the rational management of which affects the economic growth of the state and the level of its well–being. The study of labor productivity and reserves for its increase is particularly relevant in the context of the transition to a new technological order and the active creation and implementation of innovations.

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors and reserves for increasing labor productivity. Labor productivity is an important economic indicator that is closely related to both economic growth, the competitiveness of enterprises, and the level of well-being of society [1]. As a key indicator that determines the efficiency of an enterprise, labor productivity is considered as a specific result of labor.

External and internal factors can influence labor productivity indicators. External factors are not under the control of an individual enterprise. These include:

– natural and climatic conditions (in a favorable climate, labor productivity can increase significantly);

– political factors (in a stable political situation, companies are able to better organize their work);

– general economic factors that determine the company's tax and credit policy.

Internal factors are under the control of the company itself and directly affect the level of labor productivity in the company. These include: – scientific and technical level of equipment of the enterprise; – energy availability and stock availability of labor; – used labor incentive systems and others.

S. V. Khusainova argues that the factors of labor productivity growth can be classified into three areas [2]:

1. Creating conditions for labor productivity growth, which are determined by the level of scientific development, advanced training of employees, strengthening labor discipline, reducing staff turnover, etc.
2. Contributing to the growth of labor productivity through material and moral incentives, improved wages, the introduction of scientifically and technically sound labor standards, the introduction of advanced technology, etc.
3. Directly determining the level of labor productivity in an enterprise: mechanization and automation of production processes, improvement of labor quality, elimination of downtime, elimination of defects, improvement of labor management and organization, etc.

The author believes that "an improvement in the use of total working time can be achieved through the use of the following reserves: eliminating working time losses, reducing labor intensity and improving the personnel structure." Optimizing working hours and increasing productivity can be achieved by strengthening corporate discipline, reducing staff turnover, and introducing scientific production organization at the enterprise. Reducing losses for reasons that depend on the workforce is a reserve for increasing production, which does not require additional capital investments and allows you to quickly get a return [3].

A number of authors believe that reducing labor intensity is possible through mechanization and automation of production processes, the development or use of new high-performance technologies, equipment upgrades, rational workplace organization, and staff training and advanced training [4].

At the same time, due to automation and mechanization of production processes, the probability of defects decreases and the overall product quality increases, production volume increases while maintaining or even reducing the number of personnel, and occupational injuries decrease.

Digitalization of production processes makes it possible to transfer a significant part of calculations to computers, reduce the time needed to finalize calculation results and optimize workflow. The main types of work that are subject to digitalization include setting standards for the production of new products and technological processes, developing regulatory materials, choosing optimal service standards and staffing using economic and mathematical methods, processing the results of studying labor processes and working hours, reporting on the state of labor rationing and the quality of existing standards.

The introduction of modern automated solutions can reduce labor costs for routine operations and improve the accuracy of credentials. Integrated ERP solutions, macros, and cloud solutions are used for this purpose. Artificial intelligence can also be used to reduce labor intensity, for example, in the form of artificial intelligence-based chatbots for customer service or automation of resource planning. Complex automation of production requires a high level of scientific organization of labor with a wide range of auxiliary technical means in the workplaces of production and management personnel, and the development of modern production now covers science, technology, and technology, as well as the system of labor organization and production management.

Thus, the effective use of the human capital of the enterprise ensures an increase in labor productivity, and consequently, the economic growth of the organization, increases the efficiency of its activities and allows for additional income. Effective use of the human potential of employees ensures the introduction of innovations and "breakthrough" technologies, which further increases competitiveness in the Russian and international markets, profitability of production, image, social status and prestige of the enterprise among both consumers and partners.

References

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5. Korneevets, E. V. reducing the labor intensity of production due to the rational use of labor resources / E. V. Korneevets, A.V. Burchak / / Casting and metallurgy. – 2017. – №3 (88). – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/snizhenie-trudoemkosti-proizvodstva-produktsii-za-schet-ratsionalnogo-ispolzovaniya-trudovyh-resursov (date of reference: 26.02.2025).