The urgency of this theme is very great for the Donetsk coal field as here coal is everywhere extracted. It is used in the industrial and household purposes. Toxic elements are dangerous for person health and environment, and their extraction from minerals is a capacious and expensive process. Small elements are valuable components in coals. Therefore consideration, features of their spatial distribution is a way to the decision of many problems connected with extraction, processing, use of coal without superfluous financial expenses.

Research of spatial distribution features of toxic and small elements in coal layers is one of the most actual problems both for Donetsk-Makeevka area, and for the most part of Donbass where one of the basic pollutants of natural environment is the coal industry. Therefore the most important case is represented geochemical studying coal, studying of influence of geological factors: tectonic infringements, zones of washout, geochemical anomalies on its formation.

The purpose of work includes an establishment of the basic laws of spatial distribution of toxic and small elements in coal layers of mine “Trudovskaya “. The primary goals:

• - To reveal a complex of the toxic and small elements, which present in coal and to estimate their average contents;
• - To define the character of elements distribution in layers of coal on a mine field;
• - To contour sites with the high contents of toxic and small elements;
• - To study influence of geological factors (lithology, tectonics, technical parameters of coal) on genesis and laws of a mineralization of toxic and small elements;
• - To analyse dependences of elements contents with ash content, sulpher content, capacity of a coal layer;
• - To establish influence of toxic and small elements on pollution environment.

Object of research is the field of mine “Trudovskaya “.

The subject of research is toxic and small elements in coal of mine “Trudovskaya“.

To research it is applied analytical and statistical methods.

Studying of features of spatial distribution of toxic and small elements in coal layers of mine “Trudovskaya” was not engaged earlier; it was not considered connections between genesis of these elements and geological factors; it was not analyzed tectonic features of investigated object. The worth of this work consists of scientific novelty.

The results of work can be used for the decision of the huge problems. Having established the basic laws of distribution of toxic and small elements in coal layers on mine “Trudovskaya “, it is possible to apply to similar coal layers of all Donbass. If we know the factors which influence on increased or abnormal contents of elements in coal, it is possible to reveal sites with the increased contents of dangerous elements which are necessary for avoiding at layers working off. And at the large contents of valuable elements it is possible to conduct their extraction.

Toxic elements in coal are connections or the components, which form at extraction, processing and use of coal the toxic and carcinogenic connections polluting an environment (atmospheric air, ground, superficial and underground waters). Potentially toxic elements are elements which form the toxic connections polluting an environment up to maximum permissible concentration.

In coal fields of mine “ Trudovskaya “ constantly or frequently are following toxic and small elements such as: arsenic (chemical), mercury, beryllium, fluorine, manganese, lead, nickel, vanadium, chrome, cobalt, lithium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, ytterbium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, stannous and bismuth.

For studying distribution in coal toxic elements of the first class of danger (Hg, As, Pb, Be) it has been carried out approbation of coal layers. The given approbations were studied with the help chemical and spectral analyses. Data processing of analyses was carried out on a computer with the help of programs STATGRAF, SURFER, EXCEL. The basic statistical characteristics, correlative connections between separate elements, and also connections between elements and quality indicators of coal have been established: ash content, capacity, the contents of sulfur, and an output of flying components.

Significant correlative connections have been revealed between arsenic and mercury at definition of the basic statistical characteristics. Close positive connection of contents of mercury and arsenic with the contents of the general sulfur in a coal that testifies to accumulation of these elements in conditions of the regenerative environment is established and confirms an opportunity of their presence in the sulphidic form. Distribution of mercury is usual controlling two properties of coal: ash content and sulphur content.

The distributions analysis of four toxic elements within the limits of a mine field has shown that mercury and arsenic have similar distribution. At the same time spatial distribution beryllium differs from distribution of arsenic, mercury, lead. Thus the increased contents beryllium is fixed within the limits of fields concerning low concentration of mercury, arsenic and lead in a coal layer. As a whole spatial fields of all elements are difficultly differentiated.

By results of researches it is possible to draw the following preliminary conclusions. Sulfur exceeds standard the contents in 5 - 14 times, arsenic up to 21 times, beryllium and molybdenum up to 1,2 times, bismuth in 20-140 times. Burning such coal can represent potential danger to an environment and health of people.