Abstract

Abstract of the dissertation

# Introduction

Since the introduction of digital devices in the operation of main task was the reliability and efficiency imposed on these systems. The design and implementation of modern systems using integrated circuits of varying degrees of complexity and variety of assembly, that allows to go on a more qualitative level, reducing the size, weight, power consumption and increasing productivity. The massive recourse to the integral assembly has preserved many problems associated with the maintenance, control and diagnosis. This primarily due to the fact that the number of digital systems is growing rapidly, and the growth of qualified personnel is much slower. Any, even the most reliable, the system may fail, and then there is urgent need for rapid and efficient troubleshooting. Currently, there are many diagnostic systems from specialized to general systems of diagnosis, and this region continues to develop rapidly. Company Teradyne, World Test Systems, Agilent are the main players in the field of diagnostics. Tasks which are solved and diagnostic system - test the system as a whole (no faults or malfunctions), as well as identification and troubleshooting. But each of the diagnostic systems have their drawbacks and advantages. At the moment the decisive factor in diagnosing systems is not only effective, but the portability and flexibility of the system diagnostics in general. Extensive development and new opportunities offered by modern FPGA-technology, enables their use as diagnostic systems that can replace and displace the system, in which the computer is the main operating element. Ability to use embedded systems to FPGA enables qualitative and simplified approach to building software products. And the need to develop methods of transfer and adaptation of systems developed for the PC, on modern FPGA is the most important.

# The purpose and objectives of the study

The aim is to develop a portable and easy to use device probe diagnostics (PD) based on FPGA. To achieve this goal in the work of the following objectives:

1. Investigation of FPGA-technology systems design at the system level.
2. Study the existing system of PD realized on the PC.
3. Development of methodology for adapting C-projects implemented in Windows, under the impact uClinux.
4. Development of an experimental system for PD FPGA.

# Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty consists in the development of techniques to adapt C-projects implemented in Windows, under the impact uClinux.

# The practical value

Due to the developed technique is to allow the transfer of projects implemented on the PC, the FPGA.

# The practical significance of the results

With the successful implementation of tasks, based on the existing system of PD realized on a PC in Windows, will be developed an experimental system of PD on an FPGA in the environment of OS uClinux.

# The main content

Study FPGA-technology systems design at the system level.

Modern development of FPGA-technology opens up new possibilities and ways of their application. Leaders in the field of FPGA from Xilinx is a corporation, and Altera [4]. Modern developments in FPGA from Xilinx Spartan are more complex and highly Virtex [6]. In turn, the corporation Altera - Cyclone, Arria and Stratix. The CIS market, the most popular, developers are products of Xilinx Spartan-3E, Altera DE2-based Cyclone II and the Altera Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit based on the Cyclone III, because They are relatively inexpensive and more accessible. For a system of PD is the best board Altera Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit EP3C25, due to the presence of touch screen in the future provide a more intuitive and efficient to operate the system.

FPGA can use the following operating systems that are embedded: uClіnux, eCos 3.0, RTEMS, Freertos, Erіka Enterprіse. uClіnux - the most common form of embedded lіnux [5]. uСlіnux (Mіcrocontroller Lіnux) was first ported to a series of processors Dragonball 68k in 1998. uСlіnux differs from maіnstream lіnux those who do not have support MMU (nommu). eCos - an open operating real-time. Source code of the project distributed under the Gpl-Joint license. One of the distinguishing features ecos - high portability and low consumption of RAM, as well as the ability to support 16, 32 and 64-bit architectures. RTEMS (Real-Tіme Executіve for Multіprocessor Systems) - a non-profit real time operating system, created by order of the Ministry of Defense for use in control systems defense systems. Freertos - multi-tasking real time operating system (RTOS). Distributed under a modified GPL license with the exception that allows a developer to assign a modified code of the operating system. Erіka Enterprіse (EE) - RTOS with open-source software, which uses APІ OSEK / VDX. ITS with free license under GPL + Lіnkіng. Erіka Enterprіse supports multi-core projects.

Of the examined operating systems that are embedded, to implement the software part was chosen OS uClinux, due to the availability of open source, as well as ready-made drivers and documentation [3] that allows you to thoroughly explore the feasibility of systems troubleshooting. UClinux also support many other portable devices can use these transfer methods implemented under the Windows projects not only for the FPGA, but also for other portable devices supporting uClinux.

Study the existing system of PD realized on the PC.

To adapt a uClinux system will be used PD AUTO PROBE created the department computer. At device algorithmic processing system PD responsible: [1]

• Algorithms for finding fault;
• Tips from the install instructions of the probe to search;
• Processing of information received from the object of diagnosis;
• Maintaining the database;
• Generate a random and deterministic tests.

Functions of control and diagnostic equipment:

• Generation of deterministic, pseudorandom and combined test object diagnostics (ОД);
• Processing of test reactions to external outputs ОД;
• Processing of test reactions of the internal control points ОД;
• Management of synchronization ОД;
• Connection with the administration and indication of the probe;
• ОД connection with PC.

Block diagram of the device PD with integrated functions of control and diagnostic equipment is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Structure of the device without using the PD control and diagnostic equipment.

Structure on the device PD is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Structure of the software system, PD

The main blocks of the system software:
ПЗОД - block asking ОД;
ПГТ - generating unit tests;
ППН - block troubleshooting.

The introduction of the source data object performs diagnostic unit ПЗОД. Block ПЗОД based on the basis of CAD Orcad and includes two main modules: [10]

1) Capture - designed to introduce source descriptions of ОД in the form of electric concept;
2) Pspіce - intended for simulation ОД on its circuit diagram.

Databases ТЭЗ, ИМС, and ЕТР will be formed after work ПЗОД.

ПГТ unit is used to generate verification and diagnostic (control) test ТЭЗ, which will be used during verification of the logical model of ОД and in the process of diagnosing faults ОД.

PGT consists of three main modules:

1) EDІ2GL - performs build a model of ОД valve level;
2) TGM - performs the generation of linear and nonlinear pseudorandom sequences, as well as deterministic tests;
3) FAULTSІ - performs simulation of every fault ОД on a given test, and determine its completeness.

Subsystem troubleshooting diagnostic facility (ППН) - designed for troubleshooting ОД on the basis of a test of prepared subsystems ПЗОД and ПГТ.

ППН is made and the three main modules:

1) МП ГПН - ГПН module construction.
2) Manager troubleshooting (МПН) - controls the sensing and provides a dialogue with the user.
3) Control Module Control and diagnostic equipment (МУ КДА) - performs the download in the PC test influences the test takes a reaction from the PC and УЗ, performs data exchange between PC and СПСТ, compares the test adopted by the reaction with the reference. Also informs the user if the ОД.

Develop methods to adapt C-projects implemented in Windows, under the impact uClinux.

To develop a methodology for adaptation should be considered the main features of OS uClinux, as well as differences from the operating system Linux.

Design environment in the uClinux operating system consists of a host computer and target system. [2] Host system used for the compilation and remote debugging, and target applications and testing. This ratio is shown in Fig. 3

Figure 3 – the Environment of designing
(Animation. Number of frames - 8, number of cycles - 5, size - 8 447 bytes)

Support for uClinux in devices required some compromises:

• no real memory protection (erroneous process can completely disrupt the system) [9]
• not supported by the fork system call
• only a simple memory allocation

# Findings

Were formulated the main tasks and ways to achieve them. Reviewed the existing operating systems that are possible for use in portable DA system. For systems set requirements: support systems that are built, and the ability to work on Fpga-Devices. Of all the options that satisfy the requirements of chosen operating system uClinux. Platform for the realization of PD was chosen host devices Altera Nios II Embedded Evaluation Kit EP3C25. We study the existing system of PD AUTO PROBE.

# References

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