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Abstract

Contents

Introduction

Since the beginning of the development of aviation technology, safety flying was the most important task. In our time safety flying is relevant too. In spite of very big reducing the number of undesirable situation risk of the accidents and aviation incidents exists. Statistics tells us the following causes of aircraft accidents:


Cause

%

Total Pilot Error

50

Other Human Error

7

Weather

12

Mechanical Failure

22

Sabotage

8

Other Cause

1

Table 1. Causes of Fatal Accidents by Decade (percentage) [1].


All that says that need take into account each factor and need up-grade safety flying.

1. Theme urgency

Statistics says, human factor is dominant cause of aviation accidents, this is 65 %. But mechanical failure and weather a considerable part of the causes of fatal accidents, this is 34 %. This show necessity up-grade technical flight support, flight control system, flight support system etc.

We need to know which destabilizing factors influence on each system, in order to up-grade each system. Navigation system takes the important role of all technical equipment flight support, because errors in navigation calculations lead to sad consequences.

2. Goal and tasks of the research

The aim of the research is destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.

Main tasks of the research:

  1. Search destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.
  2. Analysis destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.
  3. Allocation of the main and most dangerous destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.
  4. To seek ways of eliminating the influence of destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.

Research object: securing safety-flying.

Research subject: destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.

3. Destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft

When is navigation system operated, the destabilizing factors influence in it.

Destabilizing factors are divided into:

 

Mechanical factors

Mechanical factors are divided into:

- vibration;

- shocks;

- linear loads;

- acoustic noise;

- integrated impact.

Vibration are divided into harmonic, nonharmonic, periodic, random.

Shocks on navigation equipment may affect not only in the operation of mobile objects, but also during transportation, loading and unloading.

Linear loads occur during acceleration and braking, change of direction.

Acoustic noises occur during the work of powerful engines (especially), and the resulting aerodynamic effects in the movement of aircraft or missiles in a sufficiently dense layers of the atmosphere.

Integrated impact is a combination of the first four of the above. For example, this could be a simultaneous impact on equipment vibration and shocks, vibrations, and linear loads, etc. Such an effect is most often encountered in actual use, but they are the most difficult to reproduce in laboratory conditions during testing equipment.

Measures for protection against mechanical impacts on navigation equipment are of particular importance when supersonic military aircraft is designed, because their overload is above, than can see on figures of higher and advanced flying. Coup Immelmann is shown in figure 1.

Coup Immelmann

Figure 1 – Coup Immelmann
(animation: 6 frames, 5 cycles of repeating, 40,1 kilobytes)

Electromagnetic interference

When electromagnetic interference affect on navigation system may occur errors of accuracy of calculations of navigation system. [4].

Electromagnetic factors, which influence on navigation system, are divided into:

By origin electromagnetic interference, are divided into:

-natural;

-artificial interference may be unintentional (industrial) and intentional (organized).

By type of distribution electromagnetic interference, are divided into:

-spatial interference;

-conductive interference.

By location electromagnetic interference, are divided into:

-external noise (outboard);

-internal interference (intersystem);

-own interference.

By type of signal electromagnetic interference, are divided into:

-random noise;

-deterministic interference. [7]

Those and other may be pulsed, wideband or narrowband.

Causes of unintentional electromagnetic interference:

1. The limited range of frequencies used by man;

2. Imperfection of receiving and transmitting devices;

3. Radiation of different kinds of noncommunication equipment;

4. Impossibility or difficulty of managing weather conditions.

Countermeasure of electromagnetic interference, are divided into :

1. Organizational;

2. Protective. [11]


Conclusion

Master thesis is devoted research is destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft. In the trials carried out:

1. Destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft were classified.

2. The effects of the destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft.

3. Countermeasure of the destabilizing factors, which affecting on accuracy of navigation system of ensuring flights of aircraft. Further research will be on the next aspects:

1. The deepening in the consideration of destabilizing factors.

2. Detailing the countermeasure to combat the destabilizing factors.

This master's work is not completed yet. Final completion: December 2013. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author after this date.

References

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