Українська   Русский
DonNTU   Masters' portal

Abstract

Content

Introduction

The most common way to account for the cargo being transported in the body, a truck – a classic stationary scales. Such weight terminals are usually located on the route of the flow of vehicles, weighed twice: before and after loading. By means of two weighings the necessary net weight in the car body is located. If the course of the flow of vehicles does not change over time, then these scales can be installed in one place and for a long time. For example, in enterprises working with bulk materials, such as: chemical, food and construction industries. Scales of this type and weighing method are regularly improved, the spectrum of their capabilities is constantly increasing.

But there are such types of production (feed preparation, grain procuring, extraction of mineral raw materials from quarries, transshipment of cargoes, etc.) in which the trajectory of the transport flow is constantly changing, loading and unloading places are located at impressive distances from each other and often change their location. In such cases, keeping records of the transported goods in the body of the car with the help of classical, stationary scales is greatly complicated.

Let's assume, it is necessary to keep the account of transported cargo from a quarry or from cars, and thus it is necessary to exclude overload and underload of motor transport. But a crane or an excavator loading the necessary material for transportation to the dumper today stood in one place, and tomorrow in another, that is, the loading place is constantly changing. If in such a case to place standard, platform scales with reinforced concrete foundation in the path of the traffic flow – the work yard or exit-entry from the quarry, and weighing before and after loading, and in case of an overload or underload of the truck, it will have to return to the loading area to regulate their weight. This will lead to difficulties with loading and unloading and will additionally increase the maneuvering work. From what we get a reduction in transport performance.

One of the options for replacing stationary car scales is scales on board, i.e. placing tensometric weight sensors on the car itself, between its body and the chassis frame. The frame of the chassis will perform the functions of the foundation, and the loading platform will be the body of this vehicle. From this it follows that the vehicle carries the scales with you.

Maintenance of the necessary accounting of the cargo loaded by the load-receiving device, broken down by the types of load material and consumers, as well as accounting of materials shipped for a set time (day, shift, etc.), loading vehicles (cars, cars) strictly to the specified weight, database of participating vehicles with the owner's description and full accounting of shipments and shipments.

Many European and world manufacturers have begun working on equipping modern vehicles with weight control systems directly on the assembly line, but several million vehicles on the secondary market are waiting to be queued for the installation of this system. The operation of a weighing system in tandem with a satellite monitoring system has many advantages. On-board weighing systems allow owners and tenants of vehicles to prevent breakdowns, or objectively indicate the cause of the failure, namely: overload, weak frame design and other car components, poor road, excess vehicle capabilities (along with the vehicle positioning system). What is not unimportant, it becomes possible to control the work of the driver, save on costs, ongoing and major repairs, due to the fact that the work of the car will be optimized as much as possible. For example, in the North, where roads and weather conditions are much tougher than the middle of Russia, it is optimal to take into account the mass of the cargo being transported, and that it is not unimportant to reduce the kilometrage of transportations (to remove weighing on stationary weighing terminals that require deviation from the route).

1. Theme urgency

Very many enterprises and business models are connected with the cargo being transported, they need to know and control it clearly. Modern methods and devices for monitoring and tracing, can make measurements quite high-precision, from 1 to 3%. The system for measuring the weight by functionality can be divided into three main types: on-board weighing systems, bed and platform. Of great interest among modern entrepreneurs is the on-board weighing system, which transmits the necessary data in real time from the vehicle that is equipped with this system via the GLONASS / GPS terminal to the owner's or dispatcher's console.

On-board control and overload systems are systems installed on board vehicles, and quickly determine the mass of the cargo being transported. For many axle trucks, it is important to know the load on each of the axles, which allows this system to be implemented. In practice, it turned out that the maximum loss of cargo, and consequently, the material losses of the enterprise, are borne directly by the movement of goods and products by various means of transport. To reduce losses and losses, on-board weighting systems are widely installed, which have been widely used in various modes of transport.

When installing the on-board weighing system, you get:

  1. The loading time is shortened: as a rule, the cargo necessary for transportation is weighed on the car scales or warehouse. When using the on-board weighing system (DSV), you weigh the cargo directly in the body of a dump truck, a forklift, an excavator, a bucket of a front loader, and do not lose precious time;
  2. You can control the loss of cargo on the route: now it is possible to compare the cargo at the point of shipment and then into the unloading;
  3. Save on penalties for overweight: having control of the cargo being transported, you will be sure that there is no overload;
  4. There is no need to weigh more weight in the places of installation of stationary scales, weighing takes place directly in the car and at any time convenient for you;
  5. Avoid minor and major breakdowns with a car: tires, engine, transmissions, etc. related to overloading;
  6. The car operates under optimal conditions and with the maximum economic benefit.

The onboard weighing systems can be divided into groups:

  1. Systems for heavy and medium-duty vehicles;
  2. Systems for quarry equipment.

In DSV for heavy-duty and medium-duty vehicles, strain gauges are usually used, and such sensors are installed between the body and the frame of the car. In DSV often use special sensors that have high reliability and survivability, which is actual under the conditions in which they are operated, it is also important that such sensors do not react to unfavorable effects, and even to side loads. Correctly matched load cells are the success of about 80% of any onboard weighing system. DSV based on load cells is very reliable, undemanding in maintenance and accurate. The recommended periodicity of maintenance of such a system on load cells is once a year, as a recommendation, as well as for stationary scales. The flexibility of this system on load cells allows you to install it on a car with various suspension, almost all cars with a dump body.

The only drawback of such a system on load cells, you can calculate the particularity and peculiarity of the installation: it is necessary to change the nominal attachment points of the body to the nodes with strain gauges. It is better to provide such work to specialists in this business – manufacturers of DSV, firms engaged in various superstructures on the chassis of trucks.

Often installed overhead strain gauges (welded or glued, without changing the design).

2. On-board weighing system and analysis of its operation

The onboard weighing system is installed directly on the cargo vehicle and it is possible to know the weight of the cargo in the body. Such systems can operate both independently and in tandem with monitoring systems.

Such a key as on / off. gives the ability to control the system allows you to turn it off during loading or stacking, as well as other loading and unloading operations. One of the alternative options for the operation of the DSV is the possibility of the system being in the on mode, but only the date and time will be displayed on the display. The results obtained by weighing the cargo in real time and without delays accurately displays the display, highlighted by LEDs, where the values of the cargo are displayed by symbols and figures, and the terminal itself is in the driver's cabin. Incredibly good display of the received data displayed on the display, allows you to apply it under different lighting conditions. For example, the low-level sun and various seasons, now do not prevent the operator in the cabin to distinguish and disassemble what is displayed on his screen of the weight terminal. Standard rubberized, pleasant to the touch and moisture-repellent keyboard which is also highlighted, with the same as on the phone button configurations. Directly from the keyboard that we have for controlling the terminal, there are also buttons underneath the LCD screen itself, which have functions applicable after weighing. Also, these buttons have a sub-color, which is a major advantage when working at night.

The basic principle of the onboard weighing system is the use of universal data obtained from specialized sensors that take the changes that occur in each of the three types of suspension: hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical. Such data are used for further use in order to calibrate the weighing system and to remove the weight of the vehicle acting on the axis.

Figure 1. A generalized block diagram for DSB.

Figure 1. A generalized block diagram for BWS.

Conclusion

In this report, the BFS was reviewed, and its profitability. The report shows and reveals all the features and benefits of this system. When the necessary conditions and indications are reached, the BSV shows good maintainability, service life and ease of use. Also, this work proves that, in the rapidly growing market needs and production of various products where heavy vehicles are used, it is necessary to use the DSV: to optimize all the work at the enterprises and to reduce the costs and time.

The chosen prototype in this work, prove their suitability for work in the necessary conditions, and fully pays for themselves. In comparison with other prototype it is, more profitable in terms of profitability and payback, as well as reliability and accuracy.

References

  1. Тензом [Электронный ресурс]: Весы на борту транспортного средства – большая экономия и новые возможности для грузоперевозчиков – электронные данные, – режим доступа https://www.tenso-m.ru/publications/349/ – дата доступа: октябрь 2017.
  2. Студенческий научный форум [Электронный ресурс]: Бортовые системы взвешивания. Онлайн-контроль массы груза – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttps://www.scienceforum.ru/2015/909/8070 – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  3. Топнефтегаз [Электронный ресурс]: Бортовые системы для авто – какую выбрать? – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://topneftegaz.ru/news/view/107356 – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  4. Тензом [Электронный ресурс]: Взвешивание на борту – электронный ресурс, – режим доступа https://www.tenso-m.ru/otraslevye-reshenija/vzveshivanie-na-bortu/ – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  5. Основные средства [Электронный ресурс]: Онлайн-контроль массы груза. Бортовые системы взвешивания и контроля перегруза – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttps://os1.ru/article/7343-bortovye-sistemy-vzveshivaniya-i-kontrolya-peregruza-onlayn-kontrol-massy-gruza – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  6. Auto Tuning Group LTD [Электронный ресурс]: Бортовые системы взвешивания – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://autotuninggroup.ru/category/bortovye-sistemy/ – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  7. ИТС Интертехснаб [Электронный ресурс]: Технические особенности системы взвешивания для погрузчика экскаватора бортовой системы взвешивания – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttp://vesy.by/preimuschestva-osobennosti-sistemyi-vzveshivaniya-dlya-pogruzchika-ekskavatora.html – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  8. Весы-онлайн [Электронный ресурс]: Контроль за перегрузом автомобилей – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://www.onlinescales.ru/articles/publikacii/vzveshennye-resheniya-3/ – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  9. Research & Development Group LTD [Электронный ресурс]: Бортовые системы взвешивания – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://rdgroupltd.com/projects/cargo/ – дата доступа: октябрь 2017
  10. ГеоСтар трейд [Электронный ресурс]: системы взвешивания для погрузчиков и шарнирно-сочлененных автомобильных самосвалов – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://geostar.com.ua/products/sistemy-avtomaticheskogo-upravleniya-prolec/weighloader-sistemy-vzveshivaniya-dlya-pogruzchikov-i-sharnirno-sochlenennyx-avtomobilnyx-samosvalov – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  11. Новый дом [Электронный ресурс]: Бортовые системы взвешивания – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttp://newdom.com.ua/p39797-Weighloader_Bortovaya_sistema_vzveshivaniya – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  12. Autoline [Электронный ресурс]: Как работают бортовые системы взвешивания и контроля нагрузки на ось – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttp://truck-weigh.com/how/ – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  13. ALM-UG [Электронный ресурс]: Как работает бортовая системы взвешивания – электронные данные, – режим доступаhttp://alm-ug.ru/howw.html – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  14. Тензом [Электронный ресурс]: Методологические особенности поосного взвешивания автомобилей – электронные данные, – режим доступа https://www.tenso-m.ru/publications/390/ – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  15. Sensorse [Электронный ресурс]: Фольговые тензорезисторы – электронные данные, – режим доступа https://sensorse.com/page48.html – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  16. DocSlide – PDF библиотека [Электронный ресурс]: Исследование датчика ускорения с использованием четырех лопастной пружины и выбор его оптимальных размеров в рамках поставленной задачи – электронные данные, – режим доступа https://docslide.org/pdf-bgiXrv5 – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  17. Stud 24 электронная библиотека [Электронный ресурс]: Деформационные манометры – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://stud24.ru/polygraphy/deformacionnye-manometry/195408-569829-page2.html – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  18. Большая энциклопедия нефти и газа [Электронный ресурс]: Сопротивление – резистор – электронные данные, – режим доступа http://www.ngpedia.ru/id457315p1.html – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  19. Автоматизация и электрика [Электронный ресурс]: принцип работы тензодатчика веса и давления – электронные данные, – режим доступа https://www.asutpp.ru/datchiki/tenzodatchik.html – дата доступа: ноябрь 2017
  20. Аппаратура и методы исследования горных машин: Учебник/ Я. И. Альшиц, В. Г. Гуляев, Ф. В. Костюкевич, Е. Г. Колесников, Б. А. Кузнецов, В. И. Лебеденко, В. Д. Оглоблин, П. А. Осокин, В. М. Филиппов, Г. В. Малеев. – Издательство Недра Москва 1969г. С. 19 – 32