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Abstract

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Introduction

The resources of any organization are constantly in motion. At any given time, there are more or fewer items in stock. stocks, cash, income and expense accounts. Even a relatively small business must process a large amount of information. Speed, with which this information changes, makes it necessary for management to apply formal methods of collecting and processing information.

The ideal option is a position in which all resources purchased at the same time exactly correspond to the production program, and all finished products put up for sale are immediately sold.

Such an ideal option is impossible due to the presence of all kinds of random influences. One solution is to organize production in such a way that so that the products in the warehouses of the enterprise are sufficient to meet the needs of the customers of the products of the enterprise for a certain period of time.

1. Relevance of the topic

For the effective organization of the enterprise, it is necessary to take care of the correct predictive assessment of the needs of buyers in the produced (sold) enterprise of production, and, accordingly, on the correct assessment of the needs of its own production in material resources. Based on the compiled forecasts determine the volumes of production and the volumes of raw materials required for the purchase. However, everything has its drawbacks. On the one hand, it is necessary organize proper storage conditions for raw materials, materials and products themselves. Storage of products is not only associated with additional costs, but also with the risk of not selling products (in case of improper storage or expiration date).

On the other hand, if there is not enough products in the company's warehouses, if the customer does not deliver products under a previously signed contract, the company may incur losses in the form of fines or “losses” of clients.

To reduce current costs and risks associated with the operation of the enterprise, one of the measures is to optimize the volume of stored products. Because for solutions For this task, it is necessary to analyze a fairly large amount of credentials; enterprises use specialized computer systems. Such systems make it possible to simplify enterprise management, they were only developed for a specific enterprise or industry. Unfortunately, similar the systems cover not all industries, but only the most dynamic ones (for example, the banking sector).

Thus, the relevance of the work lies in the management in modern market conditions is not possible without the use of modern automated accounting, control and management tools.

2. Purpose and objectives of the study, planned results

The aim of the work is to develop a computerized subsystem for drug stock management in a pharmacy, taking into account production and procurement risks, allowing to reduce the cost products by reducing the cost of storage and delivery of drugs.

Research Objectives:

  1. Development of a simulation mathematical model for the processes of supply and consumption of raw materials, taking into account the risk of underdelivery;
  2. Development of an algorithm for forecasting sales volumes;
  3. Development of an algorithm to take into account the risks arising from the management of raw materials stocks.

3. Description of the procurement process for medicines

Currently, there are a number of different types of procurement procedures for medicines. Enlarged, several types of centralization / decentralization of procurement procedures can be distinguished, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages:

Completely decentralized procurement is distinguished by an absolutely independent decision within the pharmacy about the level of stock, assortment, frequency of purchase of a particular item, inventory turnover.

The pharmacy only provides a report to the central office on the state of affairs for the reporting period. The main advantages of this technology are:

Disadvantages include:

So, in general, with this approach, the level of stock and the quality of procurement procedures depends on the human factor, (which is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time) on how qualified pharmacy staff, in the field of logistics. Thus, for this approach to be successful, pharmacy employees must be generalists: both marketers and logisticians, and of course pharmacists. And such a combination is extremely difficult and expensive to achieve.

Partial centralization of purchases is very popular in chains. The technology looks like this. The central office provides pharmacies with an automated inventory and procurement management tool. And here a certain degree of centralization through standardized procedures. And in the pharmacy, they independently decide on the level of the stock, setting the parameters for maintaining the stock in days for the entire assortment (most often the system looks like this). Applying this technology, all the advantages and disadvantages of a completely decentralized approach remain. But there is one significant difference - it simplifies the decision on the size of the order due to partial automation. Given the assortment of the pharmacy (the number of positions for making a decision on the purchase), this method allows you not to miss a specific position for the order. Which, of course, improves the service. But the influence of the human factor in this approach is still a factor that has a serious impact on procurement efficiency.

Stages of drug circulation

Figure 1 - Stages of medicines circulation

Partial decentralization of procurement. This approach is distinguished by a significant reduction in the influence of the human factor. An information system is required to support procurement procedures with a deep degree of automation. Here include quite complex technologies for forecasting demand, various systems for managing stocks and their rationing, technologies for analyzing demand. Input parameters (size of safety stock, frequency of purchases, period of stock maintenance, etc.) in the inventory management system are installed in the central office. The order for each pharmacy is formed independently, either at the pharmacy itself or at the central office. The order is calculated based on sales of previous periods, taking into account spikes and drops in sales within a week and / or month. As a tool for the possibility of influencing the level of stock (and, accordingly, on the service) for the pharmacy employees, there remains a tool for feedback with the central office. The pharmacist must record consumer requests for those items that were requested, but they are not in the current range. And already in the central office, on the basis of this information, they decide on the possibility of including these items in the permanent assortment with this or that service. Thus, this approach allows the employees of a particular pharmacy to influence the level of service. At the same time, the responsibility for the level of stocks and the volume of illiquid assets is assigned to the employees of the central office in within the purchasing department, and they already have a much higher level of qualifications in the field of logistics. Also, the advantage of this approach can be attributed to the transparency and controllability of the entire movement of goods. The disadvantage of this approach is that its success depends on the quality of the information system and its speed in response to changes in demand.

Total centralization of purchases. Unlike the previous approach, in this case, the pharmacy employees do not have the ability to influence the assortment and stock level at all. As a rule, when choosing this approach, the system becomes extremely clumsy, since the central office does not see the real needs of consumers. In addition, the pharmacy employees themselves feel helpless and unable to take the initiative. Which lowers the level of self-motivation. But at the same time it allows pharmacies to recruit cheaper employees.

In addition to the above listed types of centralization / decentralization, there can be a huge number of options for the distribution of areas of responsibility between pharmacies and the central office.

3. Overview of existing systems

Popular developments that are used in enterprises both foreign and local are:

Microsoft Dynamics AX (Axapta) is a multifunctional ERP - an enterprise resource management system for medium and large companies.

Axapta provides includes the following features:

BAAN is a complex of enterprise resource management systems. This is the development of a company of the same name, located in the Netherlands. The system consists of functional modules, each of which can work autonomously. For maintaining information about raw materials and its analysis is answered by the BAAN Production module. At the request of the developers, this module provides the ability to determine the need for raw materials and materials, depending on the volumes available in the warehouse. Using BAAN is suitable for working with all types of industries. The BAAN subsystem is based on the construction of production plans (schedules), thanks to which the company's employees have the opportunity to control the production process at any time, as well as make short and long term plans and management decisions.

Oracle E-Business Suite makes it possible to automate the processes of production planning and logistics management at different levels: from daily shop planning and management, with operational control of product quality, to the integrated scheduling of production, including for a group of enterprises.

This system also consists of several modules. The modules Production Planning, Recipe Management and Production Management and Operations Control are responsible for working with information about raw materials. Oracle app supports coordinated management of information on technological processes of production, support of unified directories of raw materials and recipes is provided. For each product, it is possible to define an unlimited number of recipes with a task rules for their application in a particular enterprise. The functions of the system make it possible to register the output of products, control its quality characteristics. The system also provides optimization modeling capabilities for calculating and choosing the best option for the production plan.

RS-Balance 3 is a modern business process management system that is suitable for doing business in enterprises of various industries and sizes. It includes a set of functionalities for conducting management financial accounting, accounting for the movement of goods and funds, management of sales and procurement processes, automation of warehouse and transport logistics, the formation of analytical reports in various sections - both for the enterprise and for individual departments.

Blitz-Inform Company offers SAP ERP product. The enterprise resource management system SAP ERP provides tools for financial and managerial accounting, personnel management, operational activities and service departments of the company. For working with data on The materials management module is responsible for purchasing and materials flows (MM). With the help of this module, the operations of accounting for materials in warehouses, their assessment, carrying out inventories and planning the need for materials are carried out.

Solaris SoftLab is another developer of inventory management systems. The corporate information system SOLARIS ERP is a fully functional complex that allows you to perform typical and specialized tasks in a single information space enterprise management. The system is primarily focused on Russian enterprises. Functionally, the system is divided into a number of subsystems, interconnected in various directions.

The Manufacturing Execution System will help to organize the prompt exchange of information on the availability and distribution of raw materials and semi-finished products, on the interdepartmental processes released.

The system will help coordinate, synchronize and analyze the production process. Developed by ERP-LAB, ME½ programs help to set up operational work so as to reduce production costs, increase labor productivity, and avoid downtime equipment, correctly coordinate transport and warehouse operations, optimize stocks. The system has the ability to exchange data with other products manufactured by ERP-LAB.

Existing resource planning systems require large capital investments, accurate selection of the necessary modules suitable for a given type of enterprise, and fine tuning of the selected modules. Also in these systems partially (or completely) the ability to take into account the risks arising during the procurement of raw materials has not been implemented.

Conclusions

To determine the relevance of the development of a risk-based pharmacy inventory management subsystem, the section described the procurement of medicines. It was also determined that one of the main tasks in organizing the work of a pharmacy is accounting for management decisions are made from pharmacy credentials. Decisions on the need to order raw materials are also made based on credentials.

Section 3 provides an overview of existing research and development related to the topic of the work. The above developments are based on the idea of ??synchronizing the information flows of the pharmacy and organizing the operational exchange of information about the availability and distribution of medicines.

These developments will help automate the processes of production planning and logistics management at different levels

List of sources

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