The urgency by mine magister work of activity is encompass byed volume, that in our locale it is a lot of mechanical engineering and metallurgical plants, in which one there are foundry shops. As all know, that the iron and steel industry, is one of main sources of contamination of atmosphere, rock sphere, hydrosphere, and also biosphere, accordingly and foundry production also is a source of contamination. First of all a problem on clearing of lets made by foundry is actual and also problem on waste, which one will be derivated as a result of activity of foundry . Some part of waste is detrimental, and the warehousing it on polygons only is simple will harm to our environment, and it is not rationally reclaim. I in magisters work tender to use waste of foundry production, and detail it cupola dross, cupola dust, slime gas cleaning of devices, short-running ingots and metallical swaft, combat of refractories, lining from boards, spent forming mixes and bad ground. All this is secondary valuable raw, and can be reused or foundry production or in metallurgical production.
The purpose and problems
The purpose and problems: to learn ecological problems of foundry production, to analyze and to give an ecological estimation, to elaborate measures on catching dust and gases, by providing their clearing, to organize recycling of spent mixes, to offer versions of salvaging cupola of drosses, dust and slimes, to make economical calculation on replacement dust separation of the installations, and to make calculations on replacement of chalkstone converter by dross as the back product, to compound a heat balance, under the information of the research, conducted by us, on usage of converter dross in foundry production.
State-of-the-art Review of a condition of an environmental protection in foundry production
State-of-the-art Review of a condition of an environmental protection in foundry production in the given head I view the tendency of development of foundry production as a whole, is observed quantity of effluint and discharge, and also waste as a whole on Ukraine, Russia and abroad. Effluint according on foundry plant it is necessary from 5 up to 70 % of parasitic lets, drops, sinks, blades of mechanical engineering production, and in general effluints on a fraction of foundry production it is necessary 3 % of dust and 0,5 % of a carbon monoxide. For a way out of the crisis it is expedient to learn foreign experience. Rotary point in ecological policy of West has become conference of the United Nations on an environment. From now on in USA, Germanium, England, Austria began intensive transformation law an ecology, including in foundry production.
Classifications of waste of foundry production and ways their salvaging
Effluint of foundry production.
Reactivations of spent mixes and processing of a metallical swaft
Processing of a metallical swaft and reactivation of spent forming mixes
In total volume of waste of industrial production the considerable proportion is made by waste inclusive different metals in given section are esteemed: alloys, and also oxides of metals, swaft of foundry production. On relevance of return of addition agents of one of most claimed is processing of a swaft of instrument steels, inclusive significant amount deficient and expensive addition agents - tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt. Under the data of activity the swaft, are at processing of parts from tool steels, makes 20-40 % from weight. For salvaging the indicated waste the different methods were tendered. For example, to processing of a doped swaft widely remelting in electric furnace boards with ingots.
The foundry plant makes about 50 ton per one year steel and 30 ton per year of a pig-iron casting. This will be derivated about 40 ton. per year of spent forming mixes, which one are removed according to the agreement on Larinscyua waste poligon. The plate of accommodation of waste makes about 2500 grn/years. At storage of spent forming mixes on a waste tip takes place duste and pollution of the environment.
For the solution of this problem it is offered to conduct reactivation of spent forming mixes, elemental composition which one, %: SіО2- -95; clay - 2; Fe2O3 - 1,5. After reactivation the quality of forming mixes should meet to quality of fresh mixes.
Usages convertor of dross in cupola blust
- heat consumption for limestone heating up to the dissociation temperature is 1752,3 kJ;
- heat consumption for CaCO3 dissolution is 996,8 kJ;
- heat consumption for CaO heating up to the temperature 1573 K is 142,8 kJ;
- quantity of heat evolved from 0,44 kg of CO2 is 359,5 kJ.
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