In this work problems and challenges of cognitive computer graphics and simulation are quoted. Their classification is considered. The comparative analysis of cognitive computer graphics and simulation is performed. Packages and tools that realize ideas of cognitive sciences are considered. Their classification and features of application are discussed. The review of domestic and foreign projects in the field of cognitive sciences is made. Prospects of such projects were analyzed.

Introduction

With development of our society the stream of the information requiring in processing avalanchely grows. And accordingly complexity of its analysis grows. The volume of these challenges exceeds opportunities of human reason. Even the certain computer processing not always allows to get new or desirable knowledge from a stream of the information. Therefore there is a necessity in qualitative other level of information processing providing methods of cognitive computer simulation and graphics.

The main goal of cognitive methods is automation of a part of functions of cognitive processes that take place in our brain. Therefore these technologies can be applied in all areas in which the learning and perception are demanded.

The common aim of computer cognitive sciences is creation of qualitatively new knowledge, by overcoming barriers of perception, recognition, learning and the understanding, that appeared due to representation of the information in the habitual alphanumeric form.

Basic concepts

In general, cognitive computer simulation (CCS) means modeling of mental, cognitive processes. However last time cognitive modeling is widely applied in difficultly formalized decision-making and management challenges. So next definition is much more popular now.

CCS is the way of the analysis providing definition of force and a direction of influence of factors on controlled object transfer in a target condition in view of similarity and distinction in influence of various factors on this controlled object. Usually such cognitive models are represented with fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM).

FCM is oriented graph, in which exclusive node is some future (as a rule, target) state of controlled object, other nodes correspond to factors. The arches connecting factors with node state have thickness and the sign corresponding force and direction of influence of the given factor on transition of controlled object in the given state. The arches connecting factors show similarity and distinction in influence of these factors on controlled object [1].

Cognitive computer graphics (CCG) means creation of such models of knowledge representation in which there would be an opportunity to represent as objects, peculiar to verbally, logic, symbolical level of thinking, and images-pictures, peculiar to not symbolical thinking. CCG it is directly related with process of scientific creativity.

Challenges of cognitive computer graphic.

In scientific researches (including fundamental) the characteristic accent for the initial stage on illustrative function of computer graphic (CG) is more and more displaced aside uses of those opportunities of CG which allow to make active person ability to think in the complex spatial images. Therefore two functions of CG now are distinguished precisely: illustrative one and cognitive.

Illustrative function of CG allows to embody in more or less adequate visual form only that is already known, i.e. already exists in the world surrounding us, or as idea in a head of the researcher. Cognitive function of CG by certain graphic representation allows to receive new (not existing yet even in a head of the expert) knowledge or, at least, to promote intellectual process of reception of this knowledge.

Challenges of cognitive computer simulation

The cognitive approach in simulation is focused on making active intellectual processes and to help fixing the representation of a problem situation in the form of formal model. As it was mentioned earlier usually FCM are used for this.
The technology of cognitive analysis and simulation allows to characterize and prove the developed situation systematically and at a qualitative level to offer ways of the problem decision for this situation in view of factors of an environment.

Application of cognitive simulation opens new opportunities of forecasting and management in various areas:
- In economic sphere it allows to develop and prove in deadlines strategy of economic development of the enterprise, bank, region or even the whole state in view of influence of changes in an environment;
- In sphere of the finance and the share market - to consider expectations of the market participants;
- In military area and area of information safety - to resist to the strategic information weapon, beforehand distinguishing disputed structures and producing adequate measures.

Classification of cognitive computer graphics and simulation challenges

Separately concepts CCG and CCS are essentially differ. Also developments which are conducted in these directions accordingly differ. But these two areas of computer sciences could not to be used separately. They are in close interrelation and research the problems supplementing each other.

Both in CCG and CCS three basic directions of challenges are educed. They are represented in table below.

	CCS	CCG
1	the problem can be verbalized, but is not solved or difficultly solved without application of some nonconventional methods, for example, expert systems	Creation of such models of knowledge representation in which there would be an opportunity monotonous means to represent as objects, peculiar to logic thinking, and images-pictures with which the figurative thinking operates
2	the cognitive processes simulation related with understanding and processing of the symbolic -graphic information, for example development system like “Text - Image” and “Image - Text”	visualization of that human knowledge for which while it is impossible to pick up text descriptions
3	systems of perception and estimation: in many respects it is similar to point 1, however, here it is critical not so much complexity of a problem as volume of the initial information and time given on decision-making.	search of ways of transition from observable images-pictures to the formulation of some hypothesis about those mechanisms and processes which are hidden behind dynamics of observable situation

Actually new software products do not differentiate tasks on CCS and CCG, and solve them together within the limits of one of three directions.

Conclusions

Today the most perspective direction of cognitive computer simulation in our market is creation of situational centers and the expert systems, allowing making a decision in difficultly formalizable problems and possessing the interface accessible to the usual user. As such systems start to be in demand in business environment more and more.

Existing versions of such systems are very expensive, are realized on the expensive equipment and are difficult for understanding of the usual user. On the one hand this opens new places on a labour market for experts in the field of such systems service and administration. And on the other hand enables to compete to domestic developers, due to lower cost price.

References