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The abstract Theme of master's thesis:"Ecological concequences of exploitation of Nikitovka ore field" Shkvar A. Scientific supervisor: Korchemagin V. Department: "Mineral deposits and ecological geology" |
The purpose: to determine medical and ecological consequences of long exploitation of Nikitovka ore field.
The problems:
1. The approbation soil around of a mercury factory in process of its removal according to a wind rose.
2. The approbation of plants.
3. The analysis of blood at inhabitants of mercury settler and the city of Gorlovka.
4. The analysis of a dust in buildings in which local residents live.
5. The approbation silt sediment of reservoirs near to a factory.
6. The analysis of water.
The topical of the given researches is connected to an intense ecological situation in the city of Gorlovka which is appreciably caused by operation Nikitovka ore field. The urgency is underlined by that it was necessary to move the population of city in other more safe inhabitancy.
Subject: ecological conditions around of a factory.
Object: territory near to a factory.
Scientific novelty: an ecological situation around Nikitovka ore field earlier has not been held.
Donbass is one of the largest mining areas of Europe and all world where for more than 200 years of industrial development it is extracted from above 8 billion ò coals and anthracites.
Structure of Nikitovka ore field includes some deposits of mercury which were developed by full gallop way. The central part of ore field is opened by two mine trunks up to depth of 600 meters. The structure of plant included also a metal works located in a northwest part of an ore field. Altogether on this ore field it has been extracted more than 30000 t mercury. In 90th years extraction of mercury has been stopped, but there was ecologically broken territory. Mercury - is an element of the first class danger, included in group of the most active poluted biosphere. During tectonic activization mercury acted from a cloak on deep breaks and formed not only mercury deposits, but also dissipated in breeds of carboniferous thickness. Not casually in coals of Donbass the maintenance of mercury reaches 0.5 g/t and more. Ecological pollution of environment on ore field was consequence of three main reasons:
1. Consequences of work of plant. In ground of surrounding territory, in a sediment bowl and in ashes of plants was discovered the concentration of mercury exceeding background at 10-15 times. The district to the West and northwest from an ore field that is caused by prevalence of east and southeast winds is strongly polluted.
2.A source of additional pollution is the coal enriched with mercury which is processed on koksochemical factories. Especially a lot of harm have caused a factory located in territory Polukupol New (nowadays closed), and one of the largest in Europe and the world a factory in Avdeevka (working). Now Avdeevskiy KCP does not apply coals, extracted in Nikitovke.
3. Coals, used on thermal power stations Slavyanskaya and Uglegorskaya TPS, long time applied the coal extracted in territory of Gorlovka area. Through chimneys mercury acted in an atmosphere, and then settled on ground around of power stations. At strong rains and snow thawing mercury together with particles of ground was washed off in reservoirs and the rivers.
The city of Gorlovka is in the cent of industrial heart of Donbass - Donetsk region. Its development as one of industrial regions of region for long years was defined by work of unique Nikitovka mercury plant which now is closed.
Presence of a deposit kinovary, enrichment of soil and coal layers of this area, connections of mercury have caused impurity underground waters and atmospheres its most mobile forms. However till now it was not spent system researches of influence of mercury pollution on health of the population of this city though from the literature it is known about rather negative influence of mercury on quality and life expectancy of people.
Faculty of minerals and ecological geology DNTU and Geological service the USA have begun joint researches of influence of connections of mercury on health of people and attempts of an estimation of a risk level for health of inhabitants of Gorlovka of long contact with minerals and waters which contain mercury .
During of the project fulfilment under the program of Fund the USA of Civil researches, sampling coal, soil, underground and elevated waters and their analysis on the maintenance of mercury is supposed. It is supposed to study distribution of mercury in samples of clothes of the workers working on Nikitovka mercury plant, and also in clothes and the blood of inhabitants of Gorlovka living nowadays in its vicinities. Attempt to find correlation of the received data and parameters of health of the population of city will be made.