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1th
stage. The task of exposure and systematization of
aggregate of factors which can have influence on the necessary
level of supply and result in the origin of deficit or surplus
of materials decides on this stage.
Factors affecting level of present supplies of materials can
be parted on three groups.
the
1th group of factors characterizes influencing of suppliers.
To this group behave: violation by the supplier of the graph
of delivery of materials, disparity of quality of materials to
the agreement, disparity of amount of materials to the
agreement, disparity of the put materials on a nomenclature.
the
2th group of factors characterizes influencing of buyers of
products of enterprise, shown in the change of size of demand.
the
3th group of factors characterizes influencing of
proyzvodstvenno-khozyaystvennoy situation on an enterprise.
Such factors behave to this group, as high fluidity and low
personnel training, imperfection of the system of motivation
of resursosberezhenyya, error of planning of necessity in
material resources.
Influencing
of the first group of factors brings to the origin of
declinations of actual period of delivery from planned one
Q(tп) over. Influencing of two other groups is expressed in
the change of necessity in materials as compared to the
planned (normative) size Q(potr(tп)) in the period of time
between two next deliveries.
2th stage. The task of estimation of character and degree
of influencing of factors on the level of production supply
decides on this stage. The analysis of possible situations
causing formation of deficit or surplus of materials is
conducted. Quantitative estimation of size of possible deficit
or surplus of supply is carried out.
Most
contribution to the study of theory of deficit was done
Yanoshom Kornay. In work under the name «Deficit» he gives the
following determination to the concept «deficit»: «it is
absence of necessary resources for realization of some
intention» .
In
the theory he comes from that the planned economy in principle
can not objectively reflect the necessity of enterprises in
different resources. The reasons of deficit are permanent
errors in the calculation of necessity in one or another
resources, which, in opinion of Kornay, inevitably result in
nedovypusku of commodities in some industries. In a market
economy the reasons of deficit are no «resource limitations»,
and the «limitations conditioned by demand» on the products of
enterprise, and also mode of delivery of necessary material
resources and their consumption in the process of production
of wares.
Thus,
transformation of the concept «deficit» happened in the
conditions of market economy, caused by the changing terms of
management.
3th
stage. Optimization of level of supply of material
resources is taken to minimization of the expected value of
the losses caused by influencing of casual factors. That level
of supply will be optimum, at which the expected value of
losses achieves a minimum.
4th stage. The exposure of «bottlenecks», complete or
partial removal of which, will allow to shorten the size of
necessary supplies of material resources.
The
results of analysis of influencing of factors on the level of
supply of materials allow to define the complex of necessary
logistic transformations in activity of different structures
for the improvement of results of this activity.
5th stage. The task of development of organizational
measures decides on this stage, realization of which will
allow to shorten the necessary supplies of material resources.
Basic directions of liquidation of «bottlenecks» are
represented in табл.3.
Basic efforts on minimization of the losses caused by a
deficit or surplus of material resources in the field of
supply logistic must be directed on the decision of task of
providing of co-ordination of actions of supplier and
enterprise-recipient of materials for the observance of the
planned terms of delivery . At the same time, the production
logistic must aspire to providing of minimization of losses on
production, and distributive logistic – to the increase of
exactness of prognostication of demand on the products of
enterprise.
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