Magystrant Khyzhnyak Pavel Anatolevych

Abstract

The automation of technological object and process with the account of modern tendencies and developments of application of the newest developments in the area of the intellectual control and control systems is the purpose of the work.
      The plant of preparation of water-bituminous emulsions by a periodic method is a research object (the «Batch system»).
      Bituminous emulsion is the mixture of thinly spraying bitumen with water. Molten bitumen is nebulized on shallow drops and mix up with water. Emulsifier add to it for the increase of stability emulsions. Emulsifier is the matters enveloping the drops of bitumen and impedimental to their association in large drops.
      Bituminous emulsion contains of about 50% bitumen, to 5% of emulsifier and 45% of water. Bituminous emulsion is applied for the device of waterproofing covering, in the capacity coating under flashing, for gluing of roll and sheet materials at the temperature of surrounding air.
      4 systems of preparation of bituminous emulsions which allow to prepare emulsions by a periodic or continuous method, that allows to satisfy various necessities in the bituminous emulsions are wide-spread now.
      Emulsions are beautiful astringent, allowing to promote quality of roads and their maintainability. The application of emulsion also increases the period of conducting of repair-building works extending the range of temperatures of application astringent.
      The complex of periodic action consists of two phases: water and bituminous. The volumes of constituents are determined in obedience to compounding, but because of the features of process they must be corrected by the operator producing the adjustment.
      The existent plant of PWB-14 (industrial) was taken for the basis. It is the production of the LTD. “Plant UKRBUDMASH”.
      This method of preparation of bituminous emulsion is based on the preparation of blend that levels the process of dosage of components in the general volume of products. It is due to a technological process (non-admission of coagulation of components).
      The simple control system are the drawbacks and das not provide high stability of work of object, needing permanent control from the side of operator. At is not the best way which influences the quality of work of object and requires a skilled operator.
      The following tasks are decided in this work:
      - application of the fully guided apparatus;
      - to supply the executive mechanisms of constipation apparatus air actuator, management by which to be produced by a logical comptroller;
      - to substitute the measuring mechanical devices (rotameter) out by pump options with the transformers of frequency;
      - the control of quality of blend (index of pH) is carried out on the basis of fuzzy regulator;
      - organization of the system of visualization and diagnostics of object.
      Introduction of these improvements will allow to optimize the flowline of technological process at times flowing the economical and rational management by an object, to promote quality of product and reduce the role of operator in a technological process.
      The analysis of the system showed that introduction in the existence object of the automatic system of dosage of the required exactness is not expedient, at the same time application all over in the object of the managed drives will be superfluous and expensive. Therefore it was decided to automate the preparation of blend and manage the serve of water and serve of blend, according to the current serve of the prepared bitumen.
      The possibility of management of serve follows from description of pump on empiric dependence . Where Н -force developing by a pump; Н₀ is static pressure; R_b is hydraulic resistance of network of consumption; Q is serve developing by a pump; ν it is relative speed of rotation of driving wheel of pump. But any adjusting causes the change of the features either description or pump aggregate or description of the network determined on a formula . Where Н_с is static pressure; R_c is hydrodynamic resistance of network. The task of achievement of equality of serve to the set serve of the pump station at the defined value of pressure on its output is complicated the that the value of pressure changes with the change of serve. The formula of moment of resistance of engine looks like , where ρ it is density of liquid [kg/m³]; g is acceleration of the free falling [m/s²]; Q is productivity of turbomechanism [m³/s]; H is pressure in a network [m]; η_m it is KPD of the pump setting; ω it is angular speed of rotation of driving wheel [rad/s]. Control system by the engine of the pump setting it is necessary in general case to provide by the feed-back on pressure, serve and angular speed of rotation of driving wheel. Applying the frequency adjusting, we regulate angular speed of rotation of driving wheel of the pump setting. It allows to obtain accordance of serve and pressure of pump to the calculation value of expense and losses of pressure in a hydraulic network, reducing consumption of electric power in the process of exploitation due to diminishment of expense of the moved environment. At throttling the power was lost determining by expression . Where h_w is the pressure lost in a chone catch(rotameter); η_B it is KPD of pump, proper to the Q_В serve.
      It allows to support the preset parameters at due level without intervention from an operator. And in the case of occurrence of the situations of resulting in emergencies or undesirable, violating the set mode the system of diagnostics will allow in the earliest possible date to expose a problem knot and remove defects.

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