Introduction of ITP as the Element of Investment Policy in Energy System of Ukraine

Introduction
Under conditions of deficit and global price growth for energy carriers, problem of energy-savings for economy of Ukraine in whole and for its communal household in particular, is becoming very actual. Since 2005 Ukraine has been facing price increase for natural gas what really threatens its economic stability. If today not to give priority for mastering and introducing of modern energy-saving technologies - crisis will be inevitable.

Main part:

The way for the decision of the basic task is - to decline energy specific consumption maximally and substitute natural gas within the enterprises of communal households of Ukraine that’s why measures for energy saving are actively inculcated. From European power engineering specialists’ point of view the most effective way for energy saving is to practice energy saving measures in the sphere of thermal energy consumption.

Thermal energy consumption in Ukraine presents rather an interesting situation. About 40% of thermal energy is lost in panel houses; 30% - in block ones; up to 30% of thermal energy is lost during infiltrating. It is also possible to add such things as plugged chimneys, reamed nozzles in elevator units, knocked out glasses of entrance windows, not closing doors and lack of water in internal system of heating.

For to solve these problems it is possible to offer the most effective measure which is - introduction of individual thermal plants (ITP).

Individual thermal plants, which consist of demountable plate thermo batteries, circulation pumps, water meters, thermal medium matter, electric power and regulating armature are set in the basement apartments of dwelling-houses. The system of ITP is supposed to have two independent contours - external and internal ones for house heating. There are 2 groups of heaters (for heating and hot water-supply) and 2 groups of circulation pumps are set for users. Work of ITP is carried out in an automatic mode according to the temperature of outward air. Control panel receives a signal from the outward air temperature sensor; an operator regulates desired apartment temperature that is agreed with users. On the basis of these two data the temperature of thermo medium matter of heating internal contour of dwelling-house is automatically corrected. The system of automation also provides work of ITP in the economizing mode. This mode allows proposing of required temperature in apartments depending on the time of day and week days. The presence of users’ circulation pumps allows to decrease electric power of network pumps at boiler station, as the required pumps pressure, is diminishes to the quantity of resistance of heating internal systems of users. Besides, some circulation pumps for hot water-supply are dismantled at Central power plants.

Fig. 1- ITP

Finally it is possible to make a conclusion that ITP allows:

• To reduce electric power expenses up to 25-30% due to optimization of pumps electric power and diminishing of network hydraulic resistance.
• To reduce expenses for natural gas up to 8-10% due to application of the weather adjusting and removal of overheating in transitional periods.
• To reduce expenses of cold water due to the removal of water taking from the system of heating.

Introduction of ITP, as well as any project for power saving, requires money and capital investments. Investments mean investing of capital with the purpose of getting profit in the future or some other results. For making the decision about introduction of a project it is necessary to estimate the financial indexes of it. Economic background for ITP introducing can be presented on the example of one district in the town of Slavyansk:

• Introduced in total: 16 ITP
• Load connected to boiler plant: 11,3 giga calories (for heating: 6,4 giga calories,for hot water-supply: 4,9 giga calories)
• Capital costs: 1940 thousand gryvna. Profit from introduction: 704,3 thousand gryvna
• Decline of electric power expenses: 765 thousand of kilo watts; Decline of thermal energy expenses: 280 giga calories; Decline of gas expenses (weather adjusting): 520,8 thousand cubic meters
• Term of recoupment: Т=1940/704,3=2,75 years

Taking into the consideration higher mentioned information it is possible to make a conclusion that the term of project recoupment is rather short, however economic analysis of project efficiency for capital investments is a sequential process and covers numerous stages from the birth of idea to acceptance of final decision. Beside of the recoupment term it is necessary to pay special attention to such efficiency index of investing as influence of Scientific Technical Revolution (STR) development of industry which the object of investing is referred to, as the main result of STR is increase of economic efficiency which is formed and materialized during hу process of producing. The direct result of STR are innovations or new technical introductions. These are some changes of technique and technology in which scientific knowledge are realized. In the conditions of world power crisis, total price growth for energy mediums and unstable relationships with the countries-exporters of power mediums,the questions of energy saving measures and the usage of alternative energy sources have become to the level grade of State issues. ITP introducing does not suppose the usage of alternative energy sources, however, as world practice shows the stable state and development of energy system can be achieved due to its optimal usage and the combination of all possible energy sources, i.e. the introduction of innovations in central heating (in this case ITP) so, this is an effective thing now and will be still actual during some nearest years.

Conclusion:
As the way out for Ukraine from power crisis at the State level the number of energy saving measures have been worked out which require some substantial investments. One of most effective and perspective projects is the introduction of ITP in thermo system. Realization of that measure cannot be provided as separate actions and only if it can cover all Ukraine it will be able substantially change the state of the country power system to better.