In the conditions of general globalization solving problems of environment protection from technological impact of intensive industrial development becomes of clear priority. Restoring and security measures to reduce water pollution and air, reducing the technological burden on the Earth's flora and fauna are an integral part of modern ecology.

The main source of these measures is the increasing number of industrial cities, absorbing in its development the environment. In recent years, in industrial and public construction environmental and energy-efficient construction is of more importance. In EU countries over the past 10-20 years the term «green building» (environmental buildings) has been widely used. This construction involves the use of natural features that do not conflict with the environment. Building materials are the materials of biogenic origin - wood, straw and others. This reduces heat loss of the building by the use of porous materials, and walls with transparent thermal insulation, which catch heat, transfer it inside of the building. Innovative architecture includes rounded forms, planting trees around the house, which helps reduce the penetration of the cold. Placing saving water plumbing provides reduction in water needs in several times, thus water supply can be provided from individual sources. The use of waterless toilets virtually nullifies the number of daily waste and energy needs that do not have moving elements in their structure.

Prospects for ecological construction in our time are endless. The wave of entire ecological quarters significantly alters human thinking, which facilitates eco-settlements of people living without compromising the environment. According to the Eco-settlement Conference, held in Japan in 2006, today the world has about 20 thousand of such settlements.

An example of environmental project could be the project of «Wilkinson Eyre Architects» company as for planning of the first tower for the city of Brighton Pier. Planning, which directly concerns the dock of the English city, has been taken by the city municipality of Brighton. The new scheme replaces the previous draft that was presented in 2005. Today the project includes bent 40-storey towers, which are public galleries and the hanging bridge, 853 flats and 28 000 square feet of commercial space, various places for recreation and transport systems.

The company «Wilkinson Eyre Architects» uses easily restored energy, which can be obtained from the sun, wind and water. In addition, the project uses the same heating and electricity systems, as well as the latest environmental technologies, which allows to reduce the level of water consumption by 25% and carbon dioxide by 40% in new buildings. This project will be one of the most ecological in the county Brighton. It reaches 100% according to the scale of ecological building in Great Britain. Regarding the project cost in monetary terms, it costs 330 million euros. In the construction of this project natural ventilation, solar collectors and photovoltaic panels (solar panels), efficient insulation and biogas system of combined production of electric and thermal energy are used. Another technological feature is various targeting residential and non-residential premises: the working premises face the north, during winter they use heat generated by office equipment and are not under the influence of solar radiation in summer. Consequently, for adequate cooling of these premises only natural ventilation is enough.

Another example of ecoconstruction is a new building in Kronberg (Germany), which also can be environmentally safe because it provides a number of energy-saving technologies: dual layer external fencing structures with zaskninnyam, combined ventilation (naturally regulated through a window driven in premises along the perimeter of the building and mechanical in rooms, located in the central part of the building), warming and cooling through the radiating panels, adjustable by sunscreen devices (driven blinds). All the elements depend on the systems of engineering building, which, depending on the required parameters for the microclimate of a room, provides minimum energy consumption. Thus, users have all the possibilities for manual adjustment of opening windows and sun control devices. Opening of panels is done according to the signal of sensors of carbon dioxide level in the air, and gathering of the air outside is done by air-collectors that are organized along the perimeter of the building at zero level. Air-collectors are connected to ducts that are deepened into the ground about three meters. That is why the system works as a soil heat exchanger, which provides preliminary heating of air in winter and cooling in summer. The construction of this project used air-conditioning system as well. It is air-conditioning with a refrigerator with air cooling on the roof and stations of air-preparation. Air channels are laid under floor. There is a heat exchanger that provides heat utilization of the air which is being output. Conditioning system turns on, if necessary. To cool the cooling ceiling is used, which are fed with water, cooled to 19° C. Cooling by rays can successfully compensate sufficiently high temperature in the room. In each case, the temperature does not rise above 28° C. In winter ray panels, which are on the ceiling, are transferred into the warming mode. As a source of heat the centralized heating system is used, if necessary.

Thus, the environmental emphasis in residential construction is a harmonious coexistence of man and nature, which becomes even more urgent.

Already known worldwide program "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design" - LEED (advanced development in energy supply and environment) is aimed at long-term energy efficiency, low consumption of natural resources and the harmonious combination of city living with the environment. It is targeted at those who plan or look for new housing.

Although trends in eco-construction do not yet have a mass character in Ukraine, step by step they are implemented in our everyday life. Leading design companies in their new development of building residential complexes use environmentally friendly building materials, i.e. not traditional - asbestos, toxic types of plastic, some grades of concrete. Construction is carried out outside the city boundaries. Natural ponds, forests, lack of industrial enterprises are all necessary components of innovative technologies in modern and future eco-construction in Ukraine.

Literature

1. И.Н. Пашков Экология и окружающая среда / Пашков И.Н., 2001. - 364 с.

2. http://orel3.rsl.ru

3.http://psylist.net/pedagogika/pedis.htm

© Ch. Larionova 2009