Abstract

Introduction

  One of the main key points to convert intangible assets is their product evaluation, that is systematic and well-reasoned approach to determining the value of various categories of intangible assets: intellectual property (patents and brands), goodwill and customer relationships, and cost signed agreements and contracts.

  Under intellectual property (IP) rights to understand results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of participants business entity turnover of goods and services protected by legislation of Ukraine. Conventionally IP divided into three groups: the rights to industrial property (inventions, utility models, industrial designs, marks for goods and services, etc.), copyright and related rights (works of science, literature and art, audio and video products, programs and databases for computers, etc.); innovative intellectual property (plant varieties, topographies integrated circuits, trade secrets).

1. Research and theoretical foundations of valuation of intangible resources and assets

  Innovation - is a complex scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial activities, aimed at commercialization of knowledge, technologies and equipment. The result innovation is a new or additional products / services or goods / services with new properties. In studies innovation in [3] we find the definition of the term, according to which innovative activity – an activity that is associated with transformation of ideas into new or radically improved product introduced the market process, used in the practice or new approach to social services. Innovation involves a number of scientific, technological, technical, engineering, organizational, financial, commercial activities, which, when integrated implementation lead to the emergence of innovations.

• Process;
• System;
• Change;
• Result.

  Before the introduction of an innovative project as any other project, you must evaluate and determine the feasibility of various indicators implementation of a project. Innovative design, effective for one Company may be ineffective for another due to objective and subjective factors such as territorial attachment enterprise level competence of staff is not the main directions of innovation project, the state of the main funds, etc. Since each company has its own Factors affecting the efficiency of innovation, the universal evaluation of projects there, but a number of factors related to the most innovative enterprises.

  Intangible resources – part of potential enterprises that can bring economic benefits for the enterprise long time and has no material basis. The presence of intangible basis is the difference, and secondly, the size of the uncertainty of future revenue the use of enterprise resources.

  The term „intangible resources” used to describe intellectual property [4]

  The great diversity of technologies used, kinds of raw materials and equipment considerably complicate typizatsiyu technical analysis of innovative project. For this reason, the majority of general methods (in contrast to the narrow specialization) recommendations on technical analysis limited to records of significant issues that need to display it. One of the most comprehensive lists recommended by the International Finance Corporation (IFC). According to the recommendations of IFC issues relating to the organization and procedures for the technical analysis of innovative project can be divided into 13 groups:

1. Evaluation of choice of the project;
2. Scope of the project, increasing the scale of production;
3. Technology;
4. Equipment, the organization of its operation and maintenance;
5. Infrastructure;
6. Enterprise Scheme;
7. Preparation and organization of the project;
8. Schedule of the project;
9. Training and development of production.
10. Quality Assurance.
11. Determining the cost of implementation of innovative project;
12. Procurement;
13. Current costs of production and marketing.

  For example, consider a set of actions in the first stage technical analysis of the project to The mechanisms of its implementation and refinement of individual actions.

Location of the project.

  According to the classical project analysis location of innovation Project selected across the largest geographic region, which may cover several states. In this case, the basic condition of the project to achieve universal intergovernmental investment climate. Ukraine is a country with a substantial European standards territory, which is 8% higher than the area larger than France and 60% of the area of Germany. It is therefore necessary to consider territorial climate especially when placing innovation. For example, projects production of flax fiber and wine will be available in different regions of Ukraine. In this regard, the necessary choice for the territory of projects, especially those that will be affected by climate and other natural environment.

  Choosing the geographical location of the project, to justify the choice of a particular area (of land). herewith taken into account the legal aspects of the implementation of innovations on a specific territory. According to the Ukrainian legislation foreign investors can acquire land for housing or hotels only long-term leases that are not always happy with them.

2. Model evaluation resources and intangible assets

  On the basis of replacement cost determining the value of playing. Although the replacement cost estimated values ​​may differ significantly from market value, as between the cost and usefulness has no direct communication, but there are many cases where it is justified cost approach (eg for insurance purposes separate components of property in a judicial division of property between the owners in the sale of the property at public auction for the accounting of fixed assets, (on revaluation of fixed assets.)

  The main feature cost approach - a Partial evaluation is valued intangible assets dismembered into its component parts, each part of the assessment is done, then the value of all intangible assets obtained by summing the values ​​of its parts. In this case, based on the fact that the investor principle can not only buy data intangible assets, but also to create them from the elements which could be bought separately.

  Determining the market value of intellectual property using the income approach should be based on the results of its current use. Only in this formulation evaluation can talk about its uniqueness. None of the assets of the business itself can not generate regular cash flows. Estimated assets as of the valuation date should form in close connection with other assets of the enterprise single economic organism, generating net cash flows (the principle of dependence). Only under such conditions can talk about the existence of market value caused through revenue approach.

  The main problem of valuation Property is in need of cash flow discharge, formed in business, the part that can reasonably be considered the result of use of this facility evaluation. The use of income approach This begins with the most critical operations.

  Goodwill is formed in the course of business and is a series of positive circumstances (benefits) that are inherent in a company and inseparable from him comfortable and convenient location, wide and extensive branch network, quality and cost of services and products on the market high-tech equipment and machinery, high professional level of the staff and so on.

  Cost of intangible assets - is the sum of the monetary value, which is displayed value of the asset. Subject to the requirements of accounting intangible assets to be included in the balance sheet and reflected in it's original and residual value. Cost of tangible assets formed accordance with the accounting standards of the cost of creating, acquiring and bringing the assets to a condition suitable for use, as well as result of the acquisition of ownership of mortgage loans intangible assets. Net book value of intangible assets is the difference between their initial cost and accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet date. Calculated as follows value of intangible assets according to the balance sheet and represents them book value.

  Assessing the market value of intangible assets should be carried out in accordance with the international and domestic practice approaches: cost, comparative and revenue. Consider the possibility of using each of these approaches more.

  The comparative approach used in assessing the market value of intangible assets is based on available data on the recently completed transactions with similar intangible assets. Within the comparative approach it is possible to use two methods score: a method of direct sales comparison method and royalties.

  Business capital company formed contributions by participants. Composition, evaluation and order of contributions is important not only for the formation of base property company, but also for emergence of corporate human participants. In today's economy intellectual capital comes to the fore because it is one of the main factors determine the competitiveness of enterprises. Correct assessment of intellectual when making its capital in the charter is the key to improving economic conditions and efficiency of the enterprise. The significance and importance of question is that the owner of the intellectual contribution, assessing its too expensive, can result in unnecessarily high corporate law.

  For evaluation of intellectual property transferred to share capital letter contains constructive ideas State Committee on November 15, 2002 № 4-451-2030/6118: document that can confirm the presence of deposit founder (participant) Commercial company in the statutory fund, introduced him as the right to use "know-how" may be an act of evaluation of property rights, licensing agreement for use of "know-how" sales contract "know-how" [3]

  In today's business means a lot spent on purchase of new equipment, computers, software, etc., but plant manager can not be sure that this is the direction my investments correctly. Positive indicators of economic activity in the past does not guarantee success in the future, so we need to look forward, not back. However, most methods of assessing the economic potential of the company is very small give to the head could have predicted how the company will operate in future. Whatever the new direction of the company is not chosen, it require a large infusion of funds. These tasks will sooner or later rise to the head any company. It is therefore necessary to determine a value of the enterprise, that would reflect its true potential, not only tangible assets.

This master's work is not completed yet. Final completion: January 2014. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his head after this date.

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