Abstract

Content

Introduction

Recreational activity of objects of PZF consists, first of all, in creation of conditions for full restoration of forces of people with use of therapeutic effect of the wild nature. It is main component ecological safety of the population that in turn, is fundamental part of social policy of the state of Ukraine.

In old industrial, superindustrial regions, as a result of long-term escalation of anthropogenous loading, ecological safety of inhabitants can't be ensured only due to technological transformations to the industries any more both agriculture at improvement and control toughening from specially authorized government bodies. [1].

Unfortunately, PZF of Ukraine possessing huge recreational potential, it is still a little attractive not only to foreigners, but also to inhabitants of our country. The main reason, in my opinion, consists in weak knowledge of the population.

In this regard, identification of the major factors defining recreational appeal of NPP "Meotida" and development of methodical bases of finishing of information to various social groups of the population was the purpose of my work. [2].

The made observations, including results of the analysis of polling, biographical and literary particulars allow to allocate below the listed group of the factors defining recreational appeal.

1. Actuality of theme

Recreation — the most important component of social policy of Ukraine, its relevance in the Donbass because of demographic and ecological characteristics evident than in other regions.

Traditional place of residents of Donetsk region and throughout Eastern Ukraine is the Azov Sea coast. However, this area has a unique natural complexes that need to protect in accordance with applicable law and the international obligations of Ukraine.

2. Aim and research tasks

The aim of my work was to identify the main factors determining the attractiveness of recreation NPP "Meotida" and development of methodical bases to disseminate information to various social groups.

3. The main factors determining the attractiveness of recreation

1 . Image and raritetnost. The Sea of Azov treats natural rarities of planetary scale. It the smallest on water volume, the most shallow, the most fresh-water, the most productive (to not old time) and the most remote from the World Ocean on the Globe.

It should be noted that the Sea of Azov is one of the most polyonymous.

The volume of the Sea of Azov makes 320 м3 it 1,5 times less Aral, by 2,4 times — White, Caspian by 10 times and Black — by 11 times. Its greatest length –380 and the greatest width – 200 kilometers. The general extent of the coastline – 2686 kilometers, the area without Sivash and estuaries – 37800 м2.

Batimetrichesky indicators. The Sea of Azov treats the flat seas and represents a shallow reservoir with low coastal slopes. The underwater relief is rather simple. In process of removal from depth coast slowly and smoothly accrue, reaching in the central part of the sea 14,4 m. Osnovnaya Square of a bottom is characterized by depths of 5–13 m. The area of the greatest depths is in the sea center. The arrangement of isobaths close to symmetric, is broken by their small elongation on North — the East towards Taganrog Bay. The isobath of 5 meters settles down approximately in 2 kilometers from the coast, moving away from it near about Taganrog Bay.

In Taganrog Bay depths increase from the mouth of Don (2–3 m) in the direction to open part of the sea, reaching on gulf border with the sea 8–9 meters. In a relief of a bottom of the Sea of Azov the systems of underwater heights extended along east (Ferruterous bank) and western (banks Sea and Arabatsky) coasts depths over which decrease from 8–9 to 3–5 meters are noted. For an underwater coastal slope of the northern coast wide shoal (20–30 km) with depths of 6–7 meters, for the southern coast — a cool underwater slope up to the depths of 11–12 meters is characteristic. The area of a reservoir of the Basin of the Sea of Azov makes 586 thousand km. Sea coast generally flat and sandy, only on the southern coast meet hills of a volcanic origin which pass with places into cool advanced mountains.

Sea currents are depending on blowing here very strong North — east and Hugo — the western winds and therefore very often change the direction. Main current is the circular current along coast of the Sea of Azov counterclockwise.

The main feature of the Azov Sea in the unique combination of its unique features — shallow water and freshwater , providing the highest biological productivity entire area . Rich river runoff completely revamped sea every eight years, and spring floods create ideal spawning grounds . Sunlight penetration to the bottom of the whole area in conjunction with a good wind storm and wind stirring the water in the entire layer with a continuous supply of nutrients to the river flows provide high-speed biological cycle .

In such circumstances, the ecological system of the Azov Sea formed a stable trophic pyramid. Lower and most powerful of its layer was phytoplankton (microscopic floating algae), who with the help of solar energy neorganiche6skie processed organic substances.

Phytoplankton forms the basis of the existence of zooplankton that forms the next layer of the food pyramid. Tiny animals (most of them crustaceans) are unique and irreplaceable food fry all the fish and zoobenthos. Zoobenthos is the basis of all the diet, except walleye, fish Azov.

The next floor trophic pyramid form of fish feeding on benthic organisms and are themselves food for these predators (pike, beluga). Do not eat the last one (except humans), and they occupy the top of the pyramid.

Slumps sturgeon catches, resulting in overfishing. Market mechanisms worked, and destroy part of the fishermen went to the Caspian Sea, part of the retrained workers in the nascent industry. Half a century has become noticeably more fish and fishery regained hischnitsky character.

Thanks to the efforts of historians and toponymists revealed several hundred different options hydronyms that existed in the Sea of Azov in different nations at different stages of history:

1) Cimmerian swamp. During the "Great Migrations" Northern Azov experienced repeated invasion of various tribes and peoples. The first of the nomadic tribes settled in the Sea of Azov Cimmerians. They came here in the X century BC endless expanses of Asia, wandered near Berdy, Kalmius and Seversky Donets and left on their shores rich bronze warehouses.

In addition, the memory of them still keeps a number of names of Azov region , have come to us through ancient manuscripts and other sources . This is primarily hydronym Azov Sea, means — Cimmerian marsh and ancient versions of names of the Kerch Strait — Cimmerian Bosporus and the Cimmerian Bosporus. Slovochetanie "Cimmerian swamp" might originally denote the current Siwash ( Bay of the Azov Sea ), known since antiquity for its marshy shores. Current Sea of Azov in many literary works of the period fixed or Black or part widely spilled Don estuary . Most likely, so he called the Sea of Azov , considered a distant suburb Cimmerian (ie Black) Sea, located in the Midnight country, which are

Chronology recreational appeal seasonally

Figure 1 – Chronology recreational appeal seasonally
(animation: 9 frames, 6 cycles of repeating, 138 kilobytes)

2) Karachulak. In the VII century BC , displacing of Prichernomorchya Cimmerians, between the Danube and the Don settled Scythian tribes who came from the east, the called royal Scythians. Scientists believe that only the members of this tribe were eligible to participate in the management of the Scythian state. They owned the rights to international relations . Extant , thanks to the ancient Greeks , Scythian name of the Azov Sea - and Karachulak Karchulak — were borrowed from them . Fish abundance of the Sea of Azov did not go unnoticed in the past for other nations. Byzantines in the XII century called it the sea and Karpiluk Karbalyk . The translation in the Russian language Karpiluk means "beluga sturgeon or sea", and Karbalyk — "rich in fish".

3) Temerunda. There are many examples where well-founded hypothesis of the origin of a name soon refuted . So it was with the assumption ON Trubacheva the account name Temerunda. After studying , Professor SA . Karpenko proved that in ancient times was called Temerundoy not Azov and the Black Sea. He suggested that it was so named by the same Meotians and Cindy . In their language it Oznadenotes " Black Sea ." Yu. M. Karpenko believes that the origin of this name is due to purely visual perception of surface color of two adjacent seas , now referred to as the Azov and Black . This upward luminous flux, when it comes to the clean sea and ocean water, due to objective physical causes prevails blue length of 450 nm (nanometers), while the lower is the observer with respect to the surface of the sea, for example, on the beach, low bank, the more important in the color of the water is reflected color of the sky. The higher the observer climbs a steep cliff or mountain, the more there is a blue light coming out of the water column.

4) Meotida. Greek scholar Herodotus wrote in the V century BC "History of the Greco-Persian Wars" refers to the Sea of Azov Mayotis Limni and his compatriots Teofrest (III century BC) in his treatise "On Plants" and Strobon in "Geography" is called the Sea of Azov Meothide. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder same (23-79 years) in all the well-known "Natural History" refers to the Sea of Azov Palouse Me otis. With so Waternames it is displayed on the map and the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy K., published in 1590, an outstanding representative of Western European Cartography XVI century A. Ortelius, as well as on the map of Muscovy prepared Austrian diplomat S. Herberstein in 1549, and other sources.

According to statements VA Nikonov and other researchers in the field of toponymy, based on the name of the ancient Greek and Mayotis Meotida and Roman names Meotis enters the collective name of the ancient Indian tribes — Meotians (ancestors Adygs) inhabiting the area between the Don and Kuban in the first millennium and in the first half of the first millennium .

There are many examples where well-founded hypothesis of the origin of a name soon refuted . So it was with the assumption O.N.Trubacheva the account name Temerunda . After studying , Professor SA . Karpenko proved that in ancient times was called Temerundoy not Azov and the Black Sea. He suggested that it was so named by the same Meotians and Cindy . In their language it means "Black Sea" Y.M.Karpenko believes that the origin of this name is due to purely visual perception of surface color of two adjacent seas , now referred to as the Azov and Black .

5) Bay Iskander. The first part of the names of the Palouse Palouse Meotis and Maeotis Oznadenotes "swamp" in probably something like incorporated in the semantic content of the Genoese and Venetian names of the Azov Sea-Mare-Fanya, which means —"sea-mud." Such a strange definition for the sea can be explained as follows.

2. Its landscape. Relief Northern Azov unique. Lot located here braid Curve to Fedotovoj arising and developing as a single geomorphological system has few analogues in Ukraine. Their length as the distance between them increases regularly from East to West . Two of them curve and Belosarayskaya located directly in the NPP "Meotida" and composes are wetlands of international importance. Curve well preserved original features and is available for observation with a specially erected watchtower . Within the park is the only Priazovya karst cave .

3. Vegetation cover. As a result, long-term protection managed to revive native vegetation, which includes 640 species. Particularly picturesque landscapes with dominance as rare and common species.

4. Animal world. Despite certain difficulties, the popularity of observations, photos and video footage of animals among tourists is constantly increasing. This is primarily arthropods. Visual accessibility, extravagant forms, impressive coloring make them favorite objects photoshoot.

In general, the park is home to over 50 species of mammals, including the expression of migrants and settled animals , 250 species of birds, of which around 100 nests . Certainly, it is the brightest and most visible representatives of the fauna . Even in the harsh winters have shackled the sea ice shell feel comfortable come up from the north polar owl and snow buntings , sit proudly on hummocks huge white- tailed , while trees and shrubs are common Rough-legged Buzzard . In estuaries to thaw settle graceful swans-mute , coots and mallards hundreds . In the spring of suitable nesting habitats lined with a carpet of hatching birds and grouping on the tip of the spit Curve has no equal on the European continent . Here on 50 acres of sandy beach shelly - breed nearly 100,000 pairs of hydrophilic birds, among which : Gull Gull, sea dove , black-headed gull and black-headed gull , river , pestronosaya and small terns , Little forty, and small marine plovers , cormorants and Dalmatian pelican .

5 . Impressive natural phenomena. The close proximity of the sea makes a surprisingly picturesque sunrises and sunsets, star closer, increasing the contrast of colors of the rainbow, provides visual availability of such rare events like a tornado.

6. Monuments of history and culture. On the territory of NPP "Meotida" preserved more than 60 archaeological sites from the Lower Paleolithic to the early XX century, fragments of traditional culture and development of Ukrainians, Greeks, Don Cossacks, acting and conserved excavation. Mariupol local history museum has a rich historical exposition. Visiting the museum world famous polar explorer Georgy Sedov in the village its name, allows you to take a fresh look at the role of our countrymen in recent history.

7. Search "sea treasures". Oceanside allows unique type dynamic vacation. This multi-kilometer hike along the surf in search of "treasures" thrown ashore by the sea — from ships to small fragments of coins.

8. Diving and rekdayving. Despite the low water clarity, Taganrog Bay, due to the large number of sunken objects, is promising for diving and rekdayvinga.Po results of satellite imagery, at least two wrecks are in close proximity to Crooked Spit.

9. Thalassotherapy. For most recreants main attracting factors are warm shallow sea, comfortable shelly-sand beaches, favorable climatic conditions (abundance of sunny days, sea breezes on the coast carrying a huge amount of pure ozone rich air salts and trace elements), mineral waters and mud, providing a high talassoterapevtichesky effect.

10. The degree of comfort. NNP "Meotida" has a favorable geographical location and transport infrastructure development (seaport, airport, railway station, highways of international importance Odessa-Rostov). But living conditions leave much to be desired. Therefore, at the present stage of potential visitors to become fans of dynamic and extreme rest, preferring to stay in tents.

Conclusions

Thus, it is possible to claim that the recreational capacity of NPP Meotida conforms to the high international standards. It is necessary to be guided not so much by compatriots, how many on inhabitants of Northern and Central Europe which countries are washed by the cold seas or at all have no sea beaches. Europeans have to become regular customers of Donetsk Priazovye. Only modern marketing, allowed to attract investments for development of the corresponding infrastructure which independently not to create is for this purpose necessary. Attraction of the foreign capital in local recreational business, along with the standard guarantees, demands still existence, differing from others, natural "charm". The biospheric reserve over which creation has to create it the staff of NPP Meotida works.

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