Content

• Topicality
• 1. Topicality
• 2. Aims and objectives of the master's work
• 3. A summary of the master's work
• 3.1. Brief description of the mine
• 3.2. Determination of the expected noise levels in the workplace
• 4. Activities to reduce noise and vibration on the human body.
• 5. Conclusion
• 6. A list of sources used

            

Introduction

               

 Sound technologies in the development and processing of minerals is provided primarily to eliminate or reduce the impact of hazards in the production process.

 After all, now in Ukraine for more than 70 % of the jobs do not meet sanitary requirements, which are governed by regulatory and legal acts on labor protection and industrial hygiene. This leads to a high level of injury (I place in Europe) and diseases (1) in Europe and in the CIS II. Especially catastrophic situation in the mining and processing industry, where almost 90% of workers exposed to harmful and hazardous factors. Therefore, the contribution of this category of workers in the structure of occupational diseases is about 85%, and almost 70% of injuries. The main occupational hazards in this industry – exceeding MPC dust (sometimes hundreds of times), heating microclimate (almost 50% of jobs) in the coal mining industry, noise – vibration loads and physical overload.

 Their joint effect on the human body leads to sensitization, which aggravates their negative impact.

 In addition, when an emergency technological pressures on the environment there is a great risk of emergencies. To protect against the negative impact of hazards in the staffing process and emergencies continually being developed and improved occupational safety management system that includes organizational, technical and medical and preventive measures. The paper analyzes these – issues currently offered modern, more effective ways and means of protection, planned their further improvement, the implementation of which will reduce the production risks in the mining and processing industry[4].

            

1. Relevance of the topic

  Modern coal mine enterprises are equipped with a powerful and highly efficient mining machinery and technological equipment, including power characteristics for various machinery, whose work is accompanied by intense noise and vibration, which leads to the development of the body negative compensatory functions that promote common occupational diseases miners.

 One of the most common factors in mining enterprises, leading to the development of occupational diseases are intense noise and vibration strength. Safety precaution, methods and protection from workplace hazards, in order to reduce the risk of disease miners.

            

2. Goals and objectives of the master's work

     

 The purpose of the master's work is to analyze the hazards that arise in the development of deep horizons of mine Scheglovskaya glubokaya and to develop measures to reduce their negative impact on the miners.

 Machinery and equipment used in the mining industry pro, characterized by a high level of noise and vibration, as determined by the specifics of their construcstruction and complexity of operating conditions.

 In this regard, support personnel mining machines subjected to vibrations and noise. The problem of noise protection in recent years has become very important. According to medical research over 90 dBA noise causes a partial loss of hearing, and with prolonged exposure – to disorders of the heart and the vestibular apparatus tus. The latter may cause increased trauma ism, and the weakening of attention operating result for emergencies[3].

 Reduce vibration and increase comfort of work mouth cavity of man.

 Combating noise and vibration of machinery and equipmenttion is being paid much attention. This problem is of great economic and social significance. Over the past few years companies – developers kami mining machines and mining companies carried out some work to reduce noise and vibration in the workplace.

 Modern mining production is high komehanizirovannoy industry sector. High concentration of machinery used for destruction, loading, delivery and processing of mining products, the use of energy transformations compressed air and blow lead to high levels of vibration and noise in the workplace pre mining enterprises.

            

3. A summary of the master's work Mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep

                         

3.1 Brief description of mine

 Name of the mine. Mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep was established by order of the Ministry of Energy of 12 April 2001. Number 156 by separation from the company being liquidated - mine them. KI Pochenkova MCC Makeevugoltechnological links necessary for the resumption of operational activity and productivity of the stocks, respectively. Mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep was part GOAO

 Mine is located on the territory of the district Chervonogvardeysky Makeyevka Donetsk region of Ukraine, the field of mine - within Donetsk-Makeevka geological and industrial district. Bowels are in the use of mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep.

 lines and dimensions of the mine field.

 Mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep is bordered by fields of existing mines Chaikino and the name Zasyad'ko liquidated mines Orzhonikidze name and Red Guard and section Kalmiussky mine.

 projected technical boundary of the mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep PJSC Shakhtoupravleniye Donbass on a layer L81:

 – in the south : minus 700 m contour line ;

 – in the west : Grigorievsky thrust (supine wing);

 – in the east : the intended line of cleavage formation L81 power rock interlayer 0.5 m ;

 – in the north : minus 925 m contour line

 Counting coal reserves made ​​on conditions that the respective protocol number 354, approved by the USSR State Planning Commission August 31, 1960, namely :

 – counting balance reserves – the minimum total capacity of the formation of simple and complex structure of 0.55 m and a maximum total capacity of the reservoir for all grades of coal - 0.45 m ; maximum ash content of - 45 %.

 – coal reserves within the existing boundaries of the mine as at 01.01.2012 amounted to 24 561 tonnes – Balance, 27 tons – Off-balance. Corresponding recoverable reserves calculated geological and mine surveying service, totaled 7597 tonnes.

&emsp– slaughtered mine balance reserves of coal seam at L81 amounted to 5160 tonnes Off-balance reserves amounted to 127 thousand tons of ash content.

 boundaries mine field mine Shcheglovskaya-Deep are :

 – in the north – in reservoir m3 – an imaginary line that runs along the strike of the rocks north wells MS-543 on 245m and 130m at the 3466 well before the pillar under an air supply trunk pillar under an air supply trunk Grigorievsky thrust (supine wing) ; The layers L1 and K8 – minus 1200m contour line ; on a layer L8'– minus 925m contour line.

 – in the east – in reservoir m3 – mine safety pillarChaikino airway eastern trunks gor.900m mine them. KI Pochenkova, board walker 7th eastern pillar, the broken line drawn south and east of the safety pillar under the barrel number 2 mine Butovskaya Grigoriev to thrust; on a layer L1 – technical boundary of the mine Chaikino thrust Unnamed (hanging wall),thrust is number 1 (the hanging wall); through the formation of K8 – border technical mine Chaikino thrust Unnamed (hanging wall), loop ash 40% ; on a layer L8' power rock interlayer 0.5 m

 – the south : in reservoir m3 – contour old mine workings 12-13, № 2 Berestovskaya,Novo-Chaikino thrust Nameless mining mine Chaikino; on a layer L1 – contour of inventory is mine Red Guard, the old mining shafts 1-1 bis, an imaginary line drawn south by 30m east 1st vent, drift western apex and 1st western vent, drift east incline mine them. KI Pochenkova entirely under the vent, trunk, Unnamed thrust contour mining and mine them. Ordzhonikidze, on a layer K8 – minus 800m contour line, the lower branch of the Grigoriev thrust, old mining shafts 1-1 bis, an imaginary line drawn south by 30m east 1st vent, drift western apex and 1st western vent, drift eastern apex, completely under the vent, trunk, Unnamed thrust, contour mining mine them. Ordzhonikidze ; on a layer L8'– isohypse minus 700.

 – the west – on layers m3, L1, K8 and L8'– technical border mines Shcheglovskaya-Deep and the. AF Zasyad'ko; on a layer L8'– Grigorievsky thrust (supine wing).

            

3.2 The definition of expected noise levels in the workplace

 initial data for the calculation of the expected level of noise are :

 – technical data, noise and vibration characteristics of mining equipment ;

 – characteristics of the natural environment (acoustic properties for sale, mining support, sound-reflecting surfaces or zvukopoglaschayuschih, occupational hazards, intensity, etc.) [1].

 Depending on the location of the workplace noise levels expected calculation is performed by the following procedure.

 In cell-type mines, industrial premises, in the territory of the shaft surface and if there is evidence of actual (measured) noise levels in the workplace, the expected level of noise is determined by the formula

 Li = L+a, dB,

 where L – the actual (measured) noise in the workplace, dB (DBA); a – correction due to the influence of other harmful factors, if any, a=3, in the absence of a=0 dB (dBA);

 In mines in the presence of noise characteristics of mining equipment, measured at the place of its operation, the expected noise level is determined by the formula :

 Li = Lrsh+A dB (dBA),

 where Lrsh – noise characteristics of mining equipment, measured in areas of its operation, dB (dBA) ;

 Δ1 – correction due to space radiation noise dB (dBA).

 In cell-type mines, industrial premises, in the territory of the shaft surface when the noise characteristics of mining equipment is unknown, the expected noise level is based on the known noise characteristics of these machines, with appropriate performance, capacity and dimensions.

 In extensive underground workings, when the noise characteristics of mining equipment defined in the factory, the expected level of noise is determined by the formula

 Li =Lrz+Ai, dB (dBA),

 where Lrz – noise characteristics of the equipment specified in the factory, dB (DBA); Ai – an amendment to the measurement noise characteristics in mine conditions (for shearers and scraper conveyors Ai=5, for tunneling machines, loaders, drilling rigs and drilling rigs, Ai=20, for hand-held machines, local ventilation fans and other underground equipment Ai= 10) dB (dBA).

 Match shumanormativnym actual levels estimated by the formula :

 Li-Ln;

 where Ln – permissible level of noise or vibration dB (dBA).

 If Li-Ln> 0, it is required to improve working conditions in the workplace, with Li-Ln<0 – measures to protect against noise or vibration is required.

 In accordance with the requirements of Regulation safety equivalent noise levels and noise levels in the workplace and in working areas of coal mines shall not exceed the following values ​​(Table 3.3)

 As required under the security levels of vibration in the workplace while working mining equipment shall not exceed the limit values ​​.

            

4. Meropriyatiya to reduce noise and vibration on the human body

 The development process, design, manufacture and operation of machines, buildings and facilities, location and organization of the workplace should be taken to reduce noise and vibration in the workplace to limit values ​​[2].

 Reducing noise and vibration is achieved by developing shumovibrobezopasnoy techniques, tools and methods of collective (reduces noise and vibration at the source of origin and to their dissemination to the protected object) and personal protective equipment (earplugs, helmets, gloves and other vibration isolation).

 the design and manufacture of mining equipment is mandatory to use the following tools and methods to reduce noise : precise machining parts; balancing machine components and assemblies ; devices that reduce the noise of the mechanical, aerodynamic, electromagnetic and hydraulic mechanical origin; malozvuchnye and vibration damping composite materials.

 When operating mining equipment used mainly collective means and methods shumovibrozaschity : acoustic, architectural planning, organizational and technical.

 Acoustic remedies include soundproofing, sound absorption, vibration isolation and damping.

 Architectural and planning methods of protection include acoustic solutions rational planning of buildings and facilities master plans, rational distribution of technological equipment, machines and mechanisms, rational distribution of jobs.

      

 Organizational and technical protection methods include : the use of low-noise process ; application of remote control and automatic control ;

 Key actions to reduce the noise level of underground mining equipment and their actual performance are shown in Table.

 Positive growth factor power and performance machines with improved reliability and reduction of material limitations associated with the sanitary standards for the protection of personnel from the harmful effects of vibration increases with the power of machines.

      

 Thus, the result of vibration machines are breakdowns and accidents. In addition to the vibration part of the net power spent in some cases quite substantial, for example during drilling to 30 %.

      

 main task and to ensure safety of the vibration is to eliminate the harmful effects of vibration on the body of the miners, the prevention of occupational diseases.

 vibration levels in the workplace depend on the vibration characteristics of mining equipment (mining equipment), its technical condition, location of jobs on the sources of vibration characteristics of the workspace of other existing harmful production factors.

 Options vibration in the workplace or at the contact points on the results of measurements taken on the hulls of mining equipment.

 conformity of the actual levels of noise and vibration regulations determined by the formula

 Li-Ln;

 where Ln – allowable level of noise or vibration dB (dBA).

 If Li-Ln> 0, it is required to improve working conditions in the workplace, with Li-Ln<0 – measures to protect against noise or vibration is required.

      

 As required under the security levels of vibration in the workplace while working mining equipment shall not exceed the limit values ​​.

 Maximum allowable values ​​of the vibration levels in the workplace while working mining equipment

 effective means and methods shumovibrozaschity determined from the relation ΔLe = Li-Ln +5, dB (dBA)

 The development process, design, manufacture and operation of machines, buildings and facilities, location and organization of the workplace should be taken to reduce vibration in the workplace to the maximum permissible values ​​.

   

 Vibration reduction achieved by developing shumovibrobezopasnoy techniques, tools and methods of collective (reduces noise and vibration at the source of origin and to their dissemination to the protected object) and personal protective equipment (antinoise inserts, helmets, gloves and other vibration isolation).

            

5. Conclusion

                                  

 One of the most effective and efficient measures to prevent noise, vibration and heat disease is to improve the body's defenses. These measures are aimed at reducing fatigue, increase efficiency, restoration of disturbed metabolism, improve peripheral circulation. These activities include :

- complex physical therapy (ultraviolet irradiation, massage, physiotherapy, heat gidroprotsedury, etc.);

- Rates of vitamin and prevention;

- sanitation in sanatoriums ;- spa treatment.

       

 Therefore, to improve working conditions, reduce injuries and occupational diseases, as well as the extent of the economic damage, the necessary measures for the protection and safety, it is necessary to apply protective measures and security in the workplace. Workplaces must be equipped with the necessary protective equipment, technique that will reduce the risk of disease and the risk of workers occupational diseases, which in turn will raise the level of efficiency.

                                

6. Perechen sources used

 1. Борьба с шумом на предприятиях угольной промышленности/ Н.И. Рассолов, В.Г. Грачев, Л.Н. Якуба, В.В. Попов. – К.: Технıка, 1983.- 80с., ил. –Библиогр.: с.79-80.

 2. Александров С.Н., Булгаков Ю.Ф., Яйло В.В. «Охрана труда в угольной промышленности».

 3. Животовский А.А., Афанасьев В.Д. « Защита от вибрации и шума на предприятиях горной промышленности».

 4. Правила безопасности в угольных шахтах. – К.: Держохоронпраці. – 2005 г., – 398 с.

 5. А.Г. Мнухин, Р.А. Тишин. Журнал «Уголь Украины», апрель, 2012.

 6. Правила безопасности в угольных шахтах. – К.- 2010. – 422 с

 7. Руководство по проведению тепловых съемок в угольных шахтах. – Макеевка – Донбасс: МакНИИ, 1982.