DonNTU   Masters' portal

Samorodov Ilia

Faculty of Economics and Management

Department of Business Economy

Enterprise economy

Improvement of the mechanism greening of industrial enterprises

Scientific adviser: Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Eugene Zarichanskaya

Resume Abstract

Abstract

Table of contents

• Introduction
• 1. The relevance of the topic
• 2. The purpose and objectives of the study
• 3. The content of the work
• 3.1 fundamentals of cleaner production
• 3.2 features of cleaner production
• Findings
• source List

Introduction

In today's world a person is faced with many different problems. However, there are a number of problems that are common to all people regardless of racial, national, ethnic or social background: the overpopulation of the planet, the scarcity and quality of drinking water, air pollution and global warming, the spread of dangerous diseases, soil degradation and shortage of food resources, acid rain and depletion of the ozone screen, the loss of valuable species and mass reproduction of pests, reduction of forest area and the onset of deserts, industrial accidents, radiation, loss of small rivers, the loss of nature in war zones. All this reflects the problems of ecology. Ecology: in its common everyday sense. Stricter designation list requires you to add another name – the problems of the human environment.

The actual ecology as a science emerged in the study of biology. Her subject was the relationship of living organisms among themselves and with the surrounding non-living nature, patterns of distribution and organization of communities of plants and animals, their population dynamics, factors of survival and productivity, energy flow and cycles of matter involving organisms.

Modern ecological and economic situation indicates the need to replace existing technocentrism image of the economy on a sustainable ecologically balanced type of economic development. Need a revision of priorities in macro- and microeconomics. The entire macroeconomy should be included in macroecology. Their independence is becoming more and more imaginary. This fact will have to get used not only to economists but also to ecologists [1].

1. The relevance of the topic

At all stages of its development man was closely connected with the surrounding world. But since appeared highly industrialized society, dangerous human interference in nature has increased dramatically expanded the volume of this intervention, it has become a diversified and now threatens to become a global threat to humanity. The consumption of non-renewable raw materials rises, more and more arable lands are eliminated from the economy, as they built cities and factories. A person has to intervene more and more in the biosphere – that part of our planet where life exists. The biosphere of the Earth are being exposed to increasing anthropogenic influence.

The following are some of the most significant processes, any of which does not improve the ecological situation on the planet. The most extensive and significant is the chemical pollution of the environment with improper substances of chemical nature. Among them are the gaseous and particulate pollutants from industrial and domestic origin. Progresses and the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Further development of this process will strengthen undesirable trend towards increase in the average temperature on the planet. The concern of environmentalists and the continued pollution of the oceans by oil and oil products, which reached almost half of its total surface area. The oil spill of this magnitude could cause significant violations gas and water exchange between the hydrosphere and atmosphere. There is no doubt that the chemical contamination of soil with pesticides and increased acidity, leading to the collapse of the ecosystem. In General, all factors which can be attributed to polluting effect, exerting a significant influence on the processes occurring in the biosphere. Developing, humanity begins to use new types of resources (nuclear and geothermal, solar, hydropower tidal, wind and other alternative sources). However, this maloliente for high volume industrial production. Therefore, the question of ecologization of industrial production has become extremely relevant [2].

2. The purpose and objectives of the study

the Aim of the study is the analysis and development of proposals on improvement of the mechanism of greening of industrial enterprises.

the Main objectives of the study:

1. analysis of the methods and features of the greening of industrial enterprises.
2. evaluation of the use of ecological models of production processes
3. Development of solutions to the problems of description of products competitiveness of production

the Object of study:process management, greening of industrial production and the level of anthropogenic load on the environment.

the subject of the research:complex theoretical positions, methodological approaches and tools for regulation of greening of industrial production.

3. The content of the work

3.1 fundamentals of cleaner production

Environmental policy of the company is to solve the problem of the transfer of environmental service companies from the category of non-profitable to profitable. Need to identify ways to generate more profits, investment and saving of costs on the basis of intensification of environmental activities.

the current socio-economic situation poses to businesses survive they gain sustainable profits in the long term. Against this background, the problems of environmental protection, although understood as very important, to recede into the place, and perceived the leadership of the company and its employees as imposed from above function, the costs of which are unnecessary. The strategy of the company in respect of environmental protection reduced to save costs on the system of environmental governance, the failure of the introduction of progressive methods of treatment, minimise waste production and the latest developments in the field of environmental technologies. Funding for this activity at the enterprise is carried out by a residual principle. However, the ecological situation in the country is very tense. It makes us look for an opportunity to put environmental activities if not on the level of the first priorities of the enterprise, at least on the level of providing services.

Under the cleaner production refers to the limitation and reduction of environmental capacity of production by creating a technologically advanced, high-efficiency and cleaner production [3].

the Main directions of ecological production aimed at simultaneously improving efficiency and reducing its environmental capacity. They suggest the formation of a progressive structure of social production, based on the increase in the proportion of products final consumption by reducing the resource and the description of products competitiveness of manufactured processes.

There are several key areas to achieve these goals:

1. Changes in the sectoral structure of production with a decrease in relative and absolute number of nature intensive industries and, with the exception of anthecological products.

2. The cooperation of different industries in order to maximize the use of waste as secondary resources; the establishment of production associations with high isolation material flows of raw materials, products and wastes.

3. Changing production technologies and the use of new, more sophisticated resource-saving and low-waste technologies.

4. The creation and production of new products with long lifespan, suitable for return to the production cycle after physical and mental deterioration.

5. Improving cleaning of industrial emissions from anthropogenic impurities with simultaneous detoxification and immobilization of ultimate waste; development and implementation of effective systems for collection and disposal of waste.

Each of these areas separately is able to solve only local work. To reduce the environmental capacity of production in General, it is necessary to unite all these methods. The Central role played by technological re-equipment, introduction of low-waste technologies, economic and technical control of greening [4].

One of the important aspects of the introduction of nature conservation and environment protection functions in the economy of production is the incorporation of Akosombo in assessing performance indicators. General indicator of production efficiency is the level of overall profitability of an enterprise. But that does not take account of the costs for future years, including costs for mitigation of harmful emissions of the enterprises. Therefore, the required calculation of net profit, taking into account not only positive, but also negative effects from production activities.

Net profit is a function of the total balance sheet profit and damage caused by environmental capacity of production. During the extension of fixed assets without taking into account ecological requirements balance profit grows, but at the same time increasing the damage, so as to increase production volumes, increasing its environmental capacity. Net profit growth may cease.

If, due to unsustainable use of resources or pollution of the environment, the company causes damage and this damage is accounted for in the system of economic indicators, then change all the indicators of results and impact. The volume of production and profits are reduced by the amount of the established damage and proportionally decrease decrease capital productivity, performance, and all indicators of profitability, and the cost increases.

to Prevent or minimize damage while maintaining the volume of production is possible only by increasing the costs of funds out of funds and environmental protection purposes. It must comply with the requirement of high profitability environmental funds when investments in new technology or treatment device would significantly exceed these investments reduced damage.

the Most famous trend of greening of production that generate real economic output in the form of lower production costs is the use of secondary resources. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the purchase costs of energy, raw materials; to reduce the size of payments for emissions of air pollutants, waste disposal. For example, Volkswagen was the first company that has committed itself to take back disused cars. Plants this company provides almost complete utilization of car models GOLF that allows to reduce the cost of production of a new car by almost 30%. Production of steel from scrap requires electricity 47–74% less than from iron ore, and the level of environmental pollution is reduced by more than 75%.

All the areas of cleaner production can reduce environmental pollution and require some investments. As a source of investment traditionally can perform the enterprise's own funds and loans of the tank. However, since the direction of investments allows to solve social and environmental problems, the interest rate will be reduced, which gives additional savings on enterprise resources received for the development of production. Also, since dealing with ecological issues in the region, the company can expect to receive financing from the local budgets. Another source of investment – environmental insurance. Insurance companies can allocate substantial funds for implementation of measures that reduce the anthropogenic risk of environmental pollution as a result of accidents on manufacture [5].

3.2 features of cleaner production

Ecology and Economics for a long time developed as two almost separate area of knowledge, however, modern science has become more urgent ecological and economic direction. Today ecology suggests new goals and directions of development of production, it must be the pulse of new technological solutions and new trends in the interaction between production and nature. But this is possible only if the system will be built and mechanisms for environmental management, if the management will be focused not on the production as such, but on the production of environmental.

Greening as a process, as a phenomenon is intended to overcome the ecological and economic contradictions between human needs and the natural environment. Greening is a purposeful change of the productive forces, social relations and economic mechanism in the direction of greater conformity with the requirements of the preservation of the natural environment.

the Peculiarity of ecological and economic mechanism is a gradual change of the object of regulation – economic system on a single integrated ecological-economic system, interacting with social. Under the cleaner production refers to the limitation and reduction of environmental capacity of production by creating a technologically advanced, high-efficiency and cleaner production [6].

the Main features of ecological production are:

1. The targets for the forces of integration and harmony relationship between human and nature.

2. Diversified production on the criterion of non-waste production processes.

3. Production with advanced scientific component that allows you to find environmentally friendly technologies.

4. Ecological environment of the civilized market, the main factor of economic success is the friendliness of the products.

5. Ecological culture of the staff based on the mentality, education and a new way of life.

6. Environmental quality is a defining factor of economic development.

7. Environmental management – management that meets the needs and characteristics of ecological production (Pic. 1) [7].

Environmentally oriented organizational structure of the enterprise, designed to provide the necessary control of environmental activities and the environment can be schematically presented as follows (Pic. 2).

Because currently the basic principle of interaction of the enterprise with the environment supports the principle of payment for, the arising environmental costs consist of natural resource expenditure, environmental payments for negative impact on the environment and environmental costs of the enterprise (Pic. 3).

At present many domestic and foreign authors emphasized the need to establish an effective system of management of economic-ecological processes at the macro- and micro-levels, and, consequently, the identification and updating of complex serious problems in the theory and practice of accounting and information provision [8].

Conclusions

In the last decade, an increasing recognition of the existence of the mutual influence of a healthy environment and sustainable economic development. Therefore, considering the greening of industrial enterprises. There are several areas of greening, but they have several disadvantages.

the master's work proposed a number of measures to strengthen the process of greening the industrial plants.

When writing this abstract master's work is not yet complete. Final completion: January 2016. The full text of work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his supervisor after that date.

Source List

1. Akimova T. A., Kuzmin, A. P., Haskin V. V. Ecology. Nature – Man – Technology: Textbook for universities. – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2001. – 343 p.
2. Akimova T. A., Haskin V. V. fundamentals of eco-development. Training manual. – M.: Publishing house of the Russian economic Academy n. a. G. V. Plekhanov, 1994. – 312 p.
3. Ecologization of production [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://biofile.EN/geo/take 13,760.html.
4. Ecology and safety: Proc. manual for universities / D. A. Krivoshein, L. A. Ant, N. N. Roeva, etc.; ed. by L. A. Ant. – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2000. – 447 p.
5. Bastrakov Y. I., Kolosov V. A. the economy and the environment. – M.: agro-promisedit, 1988. – 204 p.
6. J. D. Vishnyakov The effectiveness of the greening activities of industrial enterprises / J. D. Vishnyakov, A. L. Novoselov, I. Y. Novoselov // Consultant Director. 2001. №9(141). – P. 32–36.
7. Korotkov E. M. the Concept of environmental management: Textbook. allowance. – M.: DECA, 2007. – 304 p.
8. Erofeev V. A. improving the organization of information support in the current economic conditions // Improvement of accounting in the urban economy in conditions of self-financing. Materials short term workshop on February 15–16, ed. by A. D. Larionov. – L.: 1990. – P. 8–13.