Introduction

Industrial wastewater pollutes ecosystems with a wide variety of components, depending on the specific industries. For the most part, they enter water bodies and streams without any purification, and therefore have a high concentration of organic matter, nutrients and other contaminants. In addition to surface water, groundwater is also constantly polluted, primarily in the areas of large industrial centers. It should also be borne in mind that groundwater pollution negatively affects the ecological state of surface water, atmosphere, soils, other components of the natural environment.

1.Theme urgency

The urgency and necessity of performance of work is caused by the unsatisfactory state of the environment in the areas of mass closure of coal enterprises, the need to ensure environmental safety of the population of mining towns and villages, and environmental protection. The ecological situation in the Donbas varies from man-caused environmental loads. In connection with the uncertainty of the development of the hydroecological situation and the lack of reliable forecasted hydroecological assessments, monitoring studies are relevant.

2.Object of control

To monitor negative environmental consequences, an environmental monitoring system has been created and is operating. Analysis of mine waters in 177 mines in Donbass showed that in mine waters 87% of the mines of the average content of suspended substances are in the range of 50-600 mg / l, and their quantity can be from 30 to 2500 mg.l and more. The dangerous level of pollution of the region's water sources is associated with large amounts of sewage. Annually, the volume of sewage in the Donetsk region is about 2 billion cubic meters, and the coal industry accounts for more than 50% of all effluents. Mine waters are characterized by a high content of suspended solids (up to 0.1 g / l), increased mineralization (salt content up to 3 g / liter accounted for 70% of all mines, 3 to 7 g / liter to 26% of all mines) , because of which more than 3 million tons of mineral salts and substances are discharged into reservoirs and rivers every year. Thus, ecological and geochemical studies of soils, rivers, plants, aerosol deposition and biomedical studies of industrial agglomerations of the Donbass indicate that it is in a state of ecological crisis.

3.Overview of existing methods for measuring a parameter

The composition and properties of mine waters depend on many factors. The main of them can be attributed to the composition and properties of groundwater, feeding the mountain workings, composition and properties of the enclosing rocks, the properties of coal seams, mining and mining conditions, means of mechanizing coal excavation and penetration of preparatory excavations, to auxiliary ones - the climate, the terrain , vegetation, etc. Hydrochemical monitoring of sewage and river water is conducted to assess the impact of sewage of mines on the quality of water in rivers and the operation of hydraulic treatment facilities. The main sources of contamination and contamination of water bodies are insufficiently treated sewage from industrial and communal enterprises, large livestock complexes, production waste from the development of ore mines, sewage from mines and mines, sewage from processing and alloying timber, water and rail transport, man-caused waste of the enterprises of the metallurgical complex. Pollutants of sewage entering natural reservoirs lead to qualitative changes, which are mainly manifested in changes in the physical properties of water and in the change in its chemical composition.

Production wastewater is mainly contaminated with waste and production emissions. The qualitative and quantitative composition of such wastewater is diverse and depends on the industry, its technological processes.

• Inorganic impurities, including toxic impurities

• Organic impurities

• Inorganic and organic contaminants

The effluents contain various petroleum products, ammonia, aldehydes, resins, phenols and other harmful substances. In the composition of these drains there are inorganic acids, heavy metal ions, surfactants, oils, dyes, resins and other substances. Phenol is a rather harmful contaminant of industrial waters. Phenol is found in the waste water of many petrochemical enterprises and by-product coke plants. Suspended insoluble contaminants in mine waters are presented in the form of coarse suspended solids from particle sizes of 100 ?m, as well as suspensions and caloidal suspensions with a particle size of 100 to 0.1 and 0.1 to 0.001 ?m, respectively. Suspended substances in mine waters are represented by coal and rock particles, the material composition of which corresponds to the composition of fossil coal and enclosing rocks.

References

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