Abstract
Content
- Introduction
- 1. Relevance of the work
- 2. Purposes and estimated results of the research
- 3. Legislative base and aspects of establishment of a coastal protective strip
- 4. Work essence
- Conclusion
- References
Introduction
Water is a valuable natural resource, the basis of vital processes on the planet. It is difficult to present the modern industry and agriculture without water. In enterprises she's used as sources of receiving steam, for cooling systems, by washing, etc.
Unfortunately, the tendency of shortage of clean drinking water to the population is traced recently. It's connected with adverse ecological situation which demands introduction of new nature protection actions, among which is establishment of a coastal protective strip [1].
1. Relevance of the work
On the territory of Donetsk People's Republic is located Azov Sea that has the coastal protective strip 2 kilometeres wide as protection. We can allocate such problems in the water area of Azov Sea:
- as a high percent of a lands (despite restrictions of such activity in the legislation);
- increase in anthropogenic influence on natural ecological system;
- irrational using of natural and water resources.
Figure 1.1 – The position of the coastal protection zone to human settlements
According to the Water Code of Ukraine coastal protective strip is a part of the water protection zone of the corresponding width along the river, sea, around reservoirs has more high security of economic activity than in other territory of the water protection zone. Follows from definition, in borders of a zone is set a special mode of economic activity which imposes certain restrictions in use [2].
2. Purposes and estimated results of the research
During writing of the master's dissertation are formulated such research objectives:
- To develop methods of optimization of allocation of the water protection zones by the example of the Azov Sea.
- To estimate a condition of the water preserving protective measures held in a zone of a coastal protective strip.
- To study the international experience in establishment of width of a coastal protective strip, for identification of positive aspects and their introduction on the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic.
Research object: the coastal protective strip in the water area of the Azov Sea.
Research subject: the establishment of a coastal protective strip within the water area.
Estimated results of a research: is a development of amendments to the water legislation with their subsequent introduction in practice. Also by results of work must be provided a graphic part with the outlined borders of a coastal protective strip.
3. Legislative base and aspects of establishment of a coastal protective strip
According to the p. 2 of Art. 86 of the Constitution of the Donetsk People's Republic the Laws and other legal acts existing in the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic before entry into the force of the present Constitution are applied in the part which isn't contradicting the Constitution of the Donetsk People's Republic [3]. On this basis, when writing the master thesis such normative legal acts were used:
- Land Code of Ukraine from 10/25/2001 No. 2768-III [4];
- Water Code of Ukraine from 6/6/1995 No. 24 [2];
- The law of Ukraine
About land management
from 5/22/2003 No. 858-IV [5]; - The law of Ukraine
About protection of lands
from 6/19/2003 No. 962-IV [6]; - The resolution KM
About the statement of the Order of determination of the sizes and borders of the water protection zones and the mode of conducting economic activity in them
from 5/8/1996 No. 486 [7]; - The law of the Donetsk People's Republic
About especially protected natural territories
from 4/30/2015 No. 43-IHC [8]; - State sanitary rules of planning and development of settlements from 19/06/1996 №173 [9];
- The resolution KM
On the order of land use in areas of possible flooding due to floods
from 31/01/2001 №87; [10]; - Hygienic requirements for recreational areas of water bodies approved by the Resolution of the State Committee USSR by standards from 25.12.1980 №5976 [11].
- the dumping of pollutants and production wastes;
- washout of fertilizers and pesticides from fields;
- hiting of salty water in coastal zones in a water-bearing layer because of pumping out of ground waters.
- Вода и жизнь на земле. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.e-reading.club/
- Кодекс Украины от 06.06.95 № 214/95. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua
- Конституция Донецкой Народной Республики от 14.05.2014. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://dnr-online.ru
- Земельный Кодекс Украины от 25.10.2001 № 2905-III. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua
- Закон Украины
О землеустройстве
от 22.05.2003 № 858-IV. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua - Закон Украины
Об охране земель
от 19.06.2003 №962-IV. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua - Постановление КМУ
Об утверждении Порядка определения размеров и границ водоохранных зон и режима ведения хозяйственной деятельности в них
от 19.06.2003 №962-IV. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua - Закон Донецкой Народной Республики
Об особо охраняемых природных территориях
30.04.2015 № 43-IHC. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://dnrsovet.su - Государственные санитарные правила планирования и застройки населенных пунктов от 19.06.1996 №173. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://dnaop.com/html
- Постановление КМУ
О порядке использования земель в зонах их возможного затопления вследствие подтоплений
от 31.01.2001 №87. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua - Гигиенические требования к зонам рекреации водных объектов от 25.12.1980 №5976. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua
- География мирового хозяйства. Эрозионные процессы и борьба с ними. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.bibliotekar.ru
- Запасы питьевой воды на Земле. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.voprosy-kak-i-pochemu.ru
- Новая редакция Водного кодекса Российской Федерации: основные направления перемен. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://iam.duma.gov.ru
Work essence
The water supply on the Earth is huge. It's known it covers up to 75% of all land surface. However the majority of these waters are salty water of the World Ocean. Especially sharply the deficiency of drinking water is felt in desert and semidesertic regions as China, India, Australia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Mexico and African countries.
Figure 4.1 – Correlation of areas of water bodies of Ukraine
Scientists trace a logical chain: increase in population leads to increase in need for water. Scientists assumes in 20 years the need of clear water will increase in three times [12].
One of the main factors of a lack of drinking water is pollution of it. Promotes it:
Hygienic assessment of water resources should play a key role in selecting a site for locating a settlement. When designing and locating industrial plants, low-waste and non-waste technologies should be used to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the water [13].
In addition to establishing a coastal protective strip, it is necessary to consider the issue of determining recreation zones. The territory of such zones should have access roads, safe bottom relief, favorable hydrological regime. Recreation zone should be removed from ports, enterprises and places where wastewater discharges and grazing. Completion of these requirements is controlled by local authorities of the sanitary and epidemiological service [11].
One of the goals of the master's thesis is the analysis of foreign legislation regarding the establishment of a coastal protective strip. After examining the experience of establishing coastal countries, we can conclude that strict control over the state of the coastal protection zone in Ukraine and Russia. But despite the current restrictions and the designated norms of water protection zones, the situation in the marine areas of these countries leaves much to be desired. However, in England and the United States, the boundaries of coastal zones are not clearly defined, but the ecological situation around reservoirs is much better. This is due to the system of strict sanctions against the landowner, who does not comply with the norms of water legislation.
Water legislation of most foreign countries provides for state regulation in the use and protection of water bodies. Virtually all countries have established state water bodies, which are responsible for regulating relations in the field of water use based on the interests of society [3].
The problem of establishing a coastal protective strip is of current importance for today's realities. Unsatisfactory state of the environment, lack of clean water for the population, paid water use and uncontrolled development of coastal zones, requires immediate intervention of the state at the legislative level. Proceeding from this, the goal of the master's thesis is to improve the existing legislation in the issues of establishing a coastal protective strip for the rational and effective use of coastal zones.
Conclusion
The problem of establishing a coastal protective strip is of current importance for today's realities. Unsatisfactory state of the environment, lack of clean water for the population, paid water use and uncontrolled development of coastal zones, requires immediate intervention of the state at the legislative level. Proceeding from this, the goal of the master's thesis is to improve the existing legislation in the issues of establishing a coastal protective strip for the rational and effective use of coastal zones.
Further, it is necessary to develop scientific and methodological approaches for creating amendments to the legislation, on which further development of scientific research will be based.
When writing a paper, the master's work is not finished yet. Final completion – July 2018. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his supervisor after the specified date.