Abstract on the theme of the graduation paper
Ñontent
- Introduction
- 1. Relevance of the topic
- 2. Purpose of research
- 3. Method of research
- 4.Object of research
- 4.1 Output of semi-cok
- 4.2 Content of semi-co
- 4.3 Method for determining the composition of semi-coke oven gas
- 4.4 Structural group composition of semi-coking resin
- Summary
- Source list
Introduction
Coal is one of the main energy sources of organic origin, as well as an alternative source of raw materials for the chemical industry. Studies have shown that energy coals in our time are not used efficiently, i.e. burn, while it is possible to obtain valuable products such as high-calorie combustible gases, liquid products, etc.
The bulk of the coal produced in the Donetsk basin belongs to the energy coal. However, with a targeted impact on the structure of coal, it is possible to maximize the physical and chemical potential of such coal, taking into account the requirements of the consumer to the final product.
1. Relevance of the topic
The most reactive coals are characterized by a large yield of volatile substances, and are a valuable raw material suitable for chemical and thermochemical processing by different methods. One of the methods of chemical treatment of coal is alkylation, which significantly increases the ratio of H/C. During o-alkylation, the developed system of hydrogen bonds is destroyed, which is useful for obtaining more valuable semi-coking products. [1].
2. Purpose and methods of research
The aim of the work is the alkylation of coals in order to increase the degree of their conversion into vapor-gas products under the conditions of standard semi-coking.
3. Method of research
To achieve this task, a set of thermal and physico-chemical methods of research, the method of alkylation of the organic mass of coal (WMD), the method of extraction and determination of the structural group composition of semi-coke resin were used.
4. Object of research
The process of semi-coking was carried out in accordance with GOST 3168-66. The essence of the method of semi-coking is to quantify the yield of the primary resin, semi-coke, pyrogenetic water and gas obtained by heating the fuel without air access to 520 °C in an aluminum retort.
In the present work, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMA) was selected for chemical treatment of the studied coals, which is used as a surfactant in the synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids to prevent the adhesion of its particles [2].
The experiment used coal mines South Donbass and mines Russia, the characteristics of which are shown in table 1.
Table 1 – Characteristics of coal mines, South Donbass and coal mine Russia
Tabular data indicate that the coal of the Yuzhnodonbasskaya mine is younger and less granular than the coal of the Rossiya mine.
4.1 Output of semi-coking products
The results obtained during the laboratory semi-coking of coal with and without additive are given in table 2. As can be seen from the table, with the introduction of Tetramethylammonium, the destruction reactions of WMD are intensified, a decrease in the yield of semi-coke, a significant increase in the yield of liquid products and gas is observed.
Table 2 – Yield of semi-coking products
4.2 The Contents polyanskogo gas
The results of the analysis of semi-coke oven gas of the coal under study before and after treatment of the Yuzhnodonbasskaya mine and the Rossiya mine in table 3.
Table 3 – semi-coke oven gas Content
4.3 Effect of chemical treatment on the quantitative analysis of semi-coke oven gas
Based on the analysis of the gases obtained during the semi-coking of the initial and processed TMA coal of the two mines, it can be concluded that the effect of chemical treatment on the quantitative composition of the semi-coke gas and the energy yield presented in table 4.
Table 4 – Effect of chemical treatment on the quantitative analysis of semi-coke oven gas
Analyzing the experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that due to the effect of the addition of Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMA) on coal of the Yuzhno-Donbass mine and coal of the Rossiya mine, the amount of acid gases increased 3 times, the hydrogen content increased ? by 8-10 %, the energy input of coal increased, and the methane content decreased ? by 14-16 %.
This indicates that the additive has an impact on the processes of destruction, it will allow the rational use of the raw material base.
Coal mine "South Donbass" was subjected to further processing by the method of Ruschev, which was to determine the structural group composition, the separation of substances that make up the semi-coking resins by classes of organic compounds (carboxylic acids, phenols, organic bases, neutral compounds, etc.).
4.4 Structural group composition of semi-coking resin
From the experimental data obtained, it can be concluded about the composition of the substances that make up the semi-coking resins.
Table 5 – Structural group composition of semi-coking resin
Summary
Experimental data of the structural-group composition of coal mine "yuzhnodonbasskaya" significantly changed when exposed to coal additive Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMA), as can be seen from the table. This indicates that the coal after processing has with its composition a greater number of valuable elements that can later be used for other purposes.
Source list
- Zherebtsov I. P., Lozbin V. I. Modification of coals of low stages of metamorphism in the process of alkylation / Study of the process of coal alkylation with methanol. Kemerovo. One thousand nine hundred eighty nine
- Stallions S. I., Lozbin V. I. Influence of coal alkylation with methanol on sintering //Chemistry of solid fuel. 2003 ¹2. From 8-13.