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Alexandra Drobitko

Faculty: «Computer Science and Technology»

Department: «Artificial Intelligence and Systems Analysis»

Specialty: «System analysis and management»

«Development of dispatching system of the automated control system of production line

Scientific adviser: Ph.D. Orlov Yuri

Note!

When writing this essay master's work has not yet been completed. Final completion: June 2019. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his supervisor after the specified date.

Abstract

Content

Introduction

With the development of techniques and technologies, particularly digital computing devices based on Microelectronics (microprocessors), an increasing proportion of smart functions of management of technological lines (TP) is performed by automated systems (as). In microprocessor-based regulator that is allocated to the AU is a dynamic system of automatic control (ACS) capable of functioning autonomously without direct human involvement [1].

Recently, many large enterprises and companies are imposing on their enterprise management systems of automated control systems.

Dispatching of automated control systems of technological lines (ACS TL) is a system of centralized control and management of production lines, carried out from the control room with the help of technical means of communication, alarm systems, telemechanics and automation [2].

Today's technology development has created an environment for the effective implementation of ACS TL, and its further dispatching. These systems give the opportunity to control technological processes centrally and remotely, which in due time significantly improves the quality of products and productivity of lines [3].

1. Relevance and motivation of the topic

At this time, the problem of energy saving and proper execution of technological processes on the line is increasingly raised. An integrated approach to situation assessment requires a thorough process of data collection and processing [4].

A review of literature and Internet sources on this topic has shown the relevance of this topic to date. The introduction of the dispatching system allows to provide not only the simplest monitoring functions, but also a full-fledged General control (obtaining real data from sensors, monitoring the operation of the entire line and its individual sectors, charting, tracking and archiving of alarms), as well as to minimize the "human factor" and the influence of factors and conditions on the operator [5-7].

The motivation for the creation of this master's work was the analysis of the market for the design of dispatching systems of ACS TL. The result showed that in most enterprises the introduction of dispatching systems is impossible for economic reasons. The paper raises this problem and the solution I proposed.

2. The purpose and objectives of the study, the planned results

The purpose of the master's work is to develop a system of dispatching an automated control system of the production line for enterprises with organic financing.

The following tasks were formulated at the entrance of the research work, on the basis of set-theoretic representations:

  • analyze the subject area (principles of system analysis and system approach);
  • to examine the existing methods of design of control systems;
  • review existing automation functions;
  • to review issues dispatching automatic control systems in technological processes;
  • to analyze the methods and means of modern assessment of the operator as a dynamic link;
  • conduct an analytical review of hardware and software;
  • to design a control and monitoring system ACS.

The subject of the research is the dispatching system of the automated control system of the technological line.

The object of research is the system analysis and system approach of dispatching system design.

3. Review of research and development

Based on the review of research and development, it can be concluded that in modern reality the ACS dispatching systems are almost the only methods of control and monitoring of various technological processes. That is why they are paid close attention not only in foreign, but also in national scientific communities.

3.1 Overview of international sources

In foreign scientific communities there is a huge number of works. Over the past decade, the international scientific world has sharply increased interest in the problem of highly efficient control systems ACS. All this is a direct result of progress in the field of computer software. Most scientific works are aimed at the development and improvement of dispatching systems [9-11]. Over the past five years, the U.S. has seen the peak of research in this area in the context of the "human factor" and the "man-operator" model [12]. I also consider it important to note the numerous publications of Russian and Ukrainian authors in the collections of international scientific conferences of the Institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) [13-15].

3.2 Overview of national sources

Based on the analysis of scientific publications in the CIS countries, a large-scale study of ways to save various resources is being conducted. The constant increase in prices leads to the search for effective methods of saving resources [16].

In the book «dispatching and control Systems» [17] a study was carried out, which determined that after the introduction of dispatching systems, the economy of the enterprise for constant production costs can reach 30%. Construction costs in this case are much higher, but the return on capital investment is much faster.

3.3 Overview of local sources

DonNTU has a large electronic database, which contains numerous scientific publications related to the design of ACS and the implementation of dispatching systems. The following articles can be distinguished from them:

  • Margiev G. E., Krasnokutsky V. A. «connection of non-standard devices to the Master SCADA system». The paper deals with the connection to the system of automatic control and dispatching of Master SCADA devices with interfaces that are not supported by them [18];
  • * Bondar S. V., Malcheva R. V., Barkalov, «Specialized system of dispatching of mining and transport equipment». In work the system of dispatching of the mining and transport equipment is considered. The developed system, its structure, possibilities and examples of use are briefly described [19];
  • Beetle N.M. Zvyagintseva A.V. «Design and simulation of an automated analysis system meteorologically». The review of the main meteorological parameters, the analysis of the climate of the city of Donetsk, the design stage of the simulation model of meteorological processes. The characteristic of the development environment of the automated system is given, the choice of the software necessary for system development is proved [20];

4. Principles of system analysis and system approach

In this work we will consider an automated control system of the technological line. In order to achieve success, the theoretical foundations of building an automated control system were considered [21].

Fundamentals of ACS TL based on the following basic principles of system analysis.

1. The principle of dividing the whole into parts.

Any complex system is easier to design in parts. What cannot be done at once for the entire system can be done for its individual parts.

2. The principle of hierarchy.

Provides implementation of the strategy of purposeful behavior of the system in time and space. The upper levels implement the strategy of the system behavior for the future. The lower levels implement and define the current behavior of the system.

3. The principle of necessary and sufficient diversity.

The diversity of management is manifested in the use of different management methods and options of organizational structures.

4. Principle of feedback.

The essence of this principle is to constantly obtain information about the results of control actions. Based on this information, the control system predicts the state of the control object, compares it with the specified one, and in case of deviations, puts the object into the required mode. This ensures synchronization between the issued planned tasks and received information about their implementation, taking into account emerging deviations from the plan [22].

In relation to complex ACS, there are three levels.

Level 1. Information description. It corresponds to the view of the system as a whole and its interaction with the external environment. At the same time, developers are interested in all the information links of the system with the external environment, the role of the system as an information Converter.

Level 2. Functional description. Identifies the method of implementing the control law, defines the functional elements of automatic control systems and relations between them. As a result, the functional structure of the system is determined, in which each functional subsystem performs a certain part of the General control algorithm.

Level 3. System-technical description. Identifies the structure of the complex of technical means of ACS, which means: the composition, communication equipment groups; nomenclature, number and location of technical means of each group. Technical subsystems are intended for realization of separate independent functions as a part of the General process of information transformation [22].

In accordance with these levels of description, the following tasks are solved at the stage of ACS design:

  • definition of relations between the management system and the external environment and the object of management, the formation of the law of management;
  • algorithmization of the control law, development of functional structure;
  • the choice of technical means for the implementation of information processes, the development of the structure of the complex of technical means.

5. Systemic analysis of systems of ACS

As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that many researchers proposed a model of "industrial enterprise ACS Pyramid" presented in figure 1.

«Pyramid» model of industrial enterprise ACS

Figure 1 - «Pyramid» model of industrial enterprise ACS

In General, the main purpose of the ASD is to ensure high coordination of the enterprise units at the operational level. However, the solution to this problem is associated with the need to integrate all the functions of operational management, and, above all, dispatching. In this case, the operator acts as a dynamic link.

5.1 Decomposition of the operation of the ACS operator

The operator in the ACS performs multiple control functions in non-stationary conditions (see Fig. 2).

Decomposition of effects on the operator

Figure 2-Decomposition of effects on the operator

If we evaluate the operator in the form of some equivalent information intellectual and physiological system, it can be represented by two levels: the perceiving and Executive parts. The input of the sensing part of this system is affected by initial conditions, time deficit, external and internal disturbing factors, increased responsibility for the results of actions, self-control and mutual control (in the management of the crew, team) for decisions, actions and results [23].

At the output of the forming part, a number of management decisions are formed: on the choice of the mode of operation of the ACS, on the formation of actions aimed at managing the object, feasibility and execution of individual one-time commands of the upper hierarchical level with interference in the operational activities of the operator.

5.2 decomposition of input actions

The initial conditions in the operation of the operator are interpreted as a set of conditions that need to be solved:

G(t) = Gл(t) ∪ Gф(t) ∪ Gк(t),

where Gл(t) is a set of conditions (tasks) that require a logical solution, Gф(t) is a set of formal functional tasks that require the use of known solutions, Gк(t) is a set of incoming priority and non –priority one – time commands.

The more control functions in the ACS are transferred to the operator, the greater the dimension of the logical-functional set B(t):

B(t) = Gл(t) ∪ Gф(t); B(t) ⊂ G(t),

I. e. a set of tasks that require both logical and formal solutions.

A special role is played by the commands of the upper hierarchical level of management, combined into a set of Gк(t). If commands are transmitted to the operator in real time and with a deeper analysis of the situation than the operator can perform, their unconditional execution has a positive result. Otherwise, damage may be caused. The analysis of commands for the operator is in many cases more difficult than the analysis of the real situation on object management. So the commands can be referred to perturbations in some cases [24].

The initial conditions of decision-making include many parameters Yоу, characterizing the motion of «ОУ» entering the perceiving part in the form of vectors:

  • Yоп.ос(Yоу), formed by the results of measurements by feedback sensors;
  • Yинт (Yоу), formed on sensations and intuitive conclusions the operator himself.

The shortage of time is due to the permissible time intervals that must be met when processing management conditions, decision-making and execution. Assessment of shortage of time – the result of the comparison vectors:

ΔDτ (t) = Dр(t) – Dж(t),

Where Dр(t) and Dж(t) – available vectors, respectively and the desired baseline processing intervals, on the adoption and execution of managerial decisions.

Confounders. Human information processing capabilities and take a decision not unlimited, for this and there are sensors. For example, he is incapable of a long time accurately perform monotonous action. And in terms of fatigue, they do not lend themselves to accurate forecast. To a large extent, human behavior is a consequence of its subjective Psychophysiological features. Disturbances in the General case of nonstationary and represent set Union:

F(t) = Fоп вш(t) Υ Fоп вн(t),

where Fоп вш(t) and Fоп вн(t) accordingly, many external and internal factors.

5.3 5.3 decomposition of decision-making

The purpose of the operation of the operator in the ACS - management decisions. Accordingly, the depth of decomposition is limited to going beyond the purpose of the study of a large system, namely the system of operation of the operator in the ACS.

The choice of the mode of operation of the ACS is a consequence of the operator processing information about the state of the control object, the automatic control system and self-control of the body. The decision is accompanied by information about the need for its adoption. Therefore, it is also a set of mode control functions(Uреж(t), which includes all this information in the form of its elements.

The formation of actions aimed at controlling the object is evaluated depending on the selected mode. These are respectively sets of control of technical objects(Uа(t), Uдир(t), Uруч(t) under automatic, Director and manual control [24].

The feasibility and execution of individual one-time commands of the upper hierarchical level when interfering with the operational activities of the operator is estimated by the set I(t).

The considered features of the operation of the ACS operator show that the operation of the operator is affected by a variety of destabilizing random and deterministic factors [25].

Conclusions

In this work were theoretical fundamentals of ACS. On the basis of this were formulated the main tasks that must be performed in the future design of automated control system of technological lines.

As a result of system analysis of dispatch system ACS was formulated "pyramid" model for ASU, the decomposition of the functioning of the operator input and decision-making process of the operator. As part of the master's work on the basis of these data, the development of a dispatching system of an automated control system of the technological line will be carried out.

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Contacts: alexandra.drobitko
alexandra.drobitko@yandex.ua

2019 © Drobitko Alexandra | Design and development: Alexander Drobitko