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Abstract

Content

Introduction

With each new year more and more acute problems such as arise search resources, increase profitability, investment, enabling the company to grow and expand into new, higher levels.

A major factor in the competitiveness of businesses in today's economy is intellectual capital (IC), which promotes the efficient use of all resources of the organization: labor, material and financial. The complexity of the analysis of intellectual capital lies in the fact that tangible assets are separate from the non-material can not provide efficient and quality functioning of the company and its well-being, existence and achievement of the mission depends on the level of its internal intellectual abilities.

Infrared Components interact with each other: knowledge and skills of employees are reflected in the process of working with partners, and established strong ties with them affect the long-term relationships with customers, in turn, creates a regulatory framework, information portals, helping employees to gain experience.

International experience shows that, among the most successful and dynamic organization of the first places are occupied by those who designed and implemented a system of effective management of the EC, among them "IBM", "Siemens", "Word Bank Group", "Ford Motor Company" and others.

1.Relevance of the topic

Development and higher competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises both in the domestic market and foreign markets, are possible only with effective use of intellectual resources.

The problem of control of IC as a strategic resource of the organization is under-investigated in domestic practice. Ukraine's integration into the European Union requires the development and implementation of IC management tools.

The relevance of the research topic is to search for intellectual capital management system designed to maximize profits and efficiency of enterprise resources.

2. The purpose and objectives of the study and planned results

The aim of this study is to develop a system management IC, aimed at maximizing the profits of the enterprise, and its introduction into domestic practice. To achieve this goal used methods of surveillance, economic analysis and synthesis of systems analysis.

The main objectives of the study:

  1. Analysis of the nature of the IC components, and their place and role in the overall assets of the enterprise.
  2. Determining the value of personnel management in the formation of IC.
  3. Analysis of international experience managing the IC and the possibility of introducing it into domestic practice.
  4. Investigation of the process control IC.
  5. Valuation of the components of IC.
  6. Developing an effective management system for the domestic IC companies.

Object of research: intellectual capital.

Subject of research:development of an effective management system of IC of domestic enterprises.

As part of the master plan to get the actual scientific results in the following areas:

  1. The possibility of valuing the IC components of the enterprise.
  2. Developing an effective management system IC business, aimed at maximizing profits.

3. Review of Research and Development

Effective management of IC is one of the most controversial issues in today's economy. At this stage it is not developed a specific system management IC, which would take into account all aspects of the business components and features of the IC.

3.1 Overview of international sources

Among Western scholars of IC problems it is advisable to allocate Solou, Romera, Sallivana, Styuarta, Bruking, in the papers that were based on the economic impact of technological change, developed a model of endogenous scientific - technological development, formulated the theory of unique competitive advantages and management of intellectual assets allocated to the life cycle of intellectual assets. [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]. In the foreign literature presents different approaches to the definition of "intellectual capital". Milner said: "Under the intellectual capital to understand the set of intellectual assets, which may include: 1) market assets; 2) intellectual property as an asset (a patent, copyright, trade marks for goods and services); 3) human assets (a set of collective knowledge of employees, their creativity, leadership); 4) infrastructure assets (technology, methods and processes that make possible the work of the enterprise) " [7]. Gava identifies intellectual capital with a personal resource, with an intelligent material, formal, recorded and used for the production of more valuable property [8].

Also relevant is the question of assessment IC. Laureat Nobel Prize and the economy Tobin offered a reliable indicator of intelligence assessment company, namely the coefficient of q, reflecting the ratio of market value to replacement cost [9]. M. Williams suggested that separate evaluation methods IC into 4 groups[10], direct methods, the methods of the market, capitalization, and methods of return on assets, indicator methods.

3.2 Overview of national sources

Office of the IC has been a hot topic of research in Ukraine since 2000. Among the well-known Ukrainian scientists researchers IC issues and intellectual property Kendyuhov, Morozov, Bazilevich, Ilyin, exploring the issues delineated in terms of economics and sociology [11, 12, 13].

Sadowski, and Stetsenko believe that the intellectual capital in the form of knowledge, skills, experience is an integral part of its media - a living human being, intellectual capital is not a negotiable asset [14].

3.3 Overview of local sources

In the Donetsk National Technical University of issue management IC is also investigated.

Malyshko believes that the term "intellectual capital" used "to cover all non-physical or intangible assets and resources of the organization, which usually do not have estimates of its balance sheet (other than intellectual property), ie its processes, innovative ability, tacit knowledge of its members, as well as networking the past " [15].

Zakharova offered special rates and assess the effectiveness of the intensity of investment in human capital at the enterprise level [16].

Kravchenko considered the possibility of a reflection of the intellectual capital in the financial statements of the company, suggested recommendations for improving accounting intellectual capital in the enterprises of Ukraine [17].

4.Management of IC

To study the management of IC companies need to clearly define management objects. In this case – it is the owner of capital, customers, infrastructure, strategy, and infrared components business.

The literature is divided into three components of IC companies:

The highest value is human capital, because it is the basis of the functioning of the entire IC organization and business in general. That person organizes, operates the company producing the product, forms a network of relationships, image, competitive advantage by entering into interaction with other people. In a postindustrial society, the human capital attributes such as knowledge, competence are the key resources of the company. But in the absence of structural and customer capital efficient operation and development of the company possible. It was close, well-established interaction of all three components of the IC is founded the success of the organization.

For effective management of IC is necessary to build a full-scale system that would perform the following tasks:

There are two basic types of tools to address these problems: formal and informal. By the formal tools include expert control systems, artificial intelligence, automated decision support systems, decision support systems and support systems to work with clients. According to experts, the formal tools are very effective, if necessary to make management decisions in the companies of innovation, financial and consulting areas, which require consideration of a large number of fast external conditions.

Formal tools:

Among the tools of formal support systems emphasize customer relationship (CRM), which are effectively used in many areas of consulting companies and have proved their efficiency in the foreign commercial organizations. This class of systems to automate and improve business - processes in sales, marketing and customer service [21].

Informal intellectual capital management tools have a special role. About 80% of tacit knowledge is lost when employees leave the company if there is no sharing of knowledge within the teams. Experts and researchers recommend the use of the organization of the command type of work for the following reasons:

Due to the fact that all companies have different management strategies, organizational structure and vision of its future development in the market, there is no unified system of management of intellectual capital, which would have been most successful in each company.

Management of IC has a recurring character. Cycle of management of IC is illustrated in figure 1:

Model IC-cycle control

Figure 1 - Cycle of management of IC (animation, 8 frames, 6 cycles, 92,8 KB)

The most important structural element of the cycle is the evaluation of IC on the basis of which made any further decisions in the field of personnel management. With these estimates of IC organization performs the following tasks:

In order to effectively manage the business – the head of the processes necessary to adhere to clear principles. Based on the well-known principles of financial management principles Management IC built. With respect to intangible resources are converted into assets, raising the total cost of the organization (Table 1).


Table 1 - Principles of managing of financial and intellectual capitals

Principles Principle of balance Principle of the strategic direction Principle of diversification Principle of monitoring and control Principle of planning and system
Financial capital A balance between profitability and liquidity of enterprise[22]. A clear strategy of development and investments in order to have a firm position in the market. Should have diversification of production leads to an overall increase in profitability, reducing the risk of bankruptcy and increase competitiveness. Be able to access and manage. Regular monitoring quality and structure. You should risks comparison of processes of asset finance to the development of enterprise activity in certain areas, as well as their possible prospects[24].
Human capital A balance between intake of new qualified staff and the development of existing staff. Investment in human assets to increase their cost of staff development strategy. Knowledge of data on the number of employees with high potential for professional and managerial skills, whether the company's workers, who quickly react to changing situations. Forming a personnel reserve procedures and technologies that capture new skills, working methods, functional performance, etc. Create a single information Space, knowledge bases, corporate libraries[23]. education and professional qualifications, personnel, compared with the personnel industry leaders. Staff turnover. Preservation and development of corporate culture, corporate memory. Develop guidelines ROI in training staff (contract for training, sharing of risks, etc.). The complex of measures aimed at retaining staff in the company. Protection of human assets [25].

Conclusion

Without the introduction of an effective system of control IC company is not able to get the maximum profit and to maintain high competitiveness in the market in the modern post-industrial economy.

Master's thesis is devoted to developing an effective management system IC. In the trials carried out:

  1. The developed model cycle management IC company.
  2. Based on the principles of financial asset management principles are built IC.
  3. Evaluated the effectiveness of the influence of formal and informal management tools, IC.

Further studies focused on the following aspects:

  1. Quantifying the value of IC in the total value of the enterprise.
  2. Determining the possibility of adaptation of foreign models of governance in domestic practice, IC.
  3. The effectiveness of investing in the IC.
  4. Possibility and necessity of displaying elements of IC in the financial statements.

In writing this essay master's work is not yet complete. Final completion: December 2012. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his head after that date.

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