Matienko Evgeniya

FACULTY:MECHANICAL

SPECIALITY: " QUALITY MANAGEMENT"

MASTER'S WORK: "Using the standards of REFA
for optimization of production systems and materials streams of the enterprises"

Научный руководитель: доц., к.х.н. Годына Н.Ф.

ABSTRACT

The company Infor AG conducted a research among 400 enterprises of Germany and other European countries, which revealed weaknesses in the management of production, including lack of control over expenditures and delays in production processes.

According to research, production of medium-sized sector of the market have large reserves of power not used in the production process: almost two - thirds of companies are using less than 85% of capacity. Moreover, for each third of the company, this figure is even lower. Only 17% of companies believe that their production processes can be optimized slightly.

According to the companies, the main drawbacks are lack of control over costs (71% of respondents) and delays in production processes (69%). In addition, there is a significant lack of integration of production and business processes (64%) are found weaknesses in the management of resources. At the same time, the degree of managerial flexibility production does not meet the actual needs (59%). High level production errors (54%) and inadequate planning led to the exact lower productivity in more than half the cases (51%). That is why optimization of production processes are among the problems with "high" or "very high" priority in the business plans of 53% of the companies.

The days when it was enough to make a certain number of products are gone. In the current market conditions, when the tough competition makes all new requirements for companies, their presence and success of the market may provide only having a certain competitive advantage.

The traditional competitive advantages are:

• product quality;
• manufacturing technology (know-how);
• price;
• the time to manufacture and supply products to customers.

Simultaneous possession of all of these benefits will require substantial financial costs that can not afford to each company. But even if we have the resources to innovate in order to reduce time and improve the quality, we will have problems with maintaining a competitive price.

Reducing the time is the most effective possibility of obtaining a competitive advantage. Time is money, but if the financial opportunities of all are different, the time is equal to everybody. Everyone have 24 hours in the day . And the company depends how effectively they will be used.

On the efficient organization of the company depends not only speed but also number of material and human resources. Organization of work is a prerequisite for the success of a company. Moreover, attention should be given to all levels, both at the level of top management, as well as the level of each individual job.

The recurrent problem is the acute shortage of skilled workers for challenges of working systems and processes, analysis and data management processes of normalization and the establishment of a flexible system of payment of labor, etc. During last ten years in the training of the stuff, that had knowledge of modern tools and skills to solve the above problems at all levels of the company, was a vacuum. Unfortunately, in enterprises, the techniques of the scientific organization of labor were lost. The data from the books about the process production management does not provide the real tools for production that meets the needs of today's market. In this situation, is of interest the experience of the other countries. Germany has traditionally considered one of the leaders in the organization, planning and development of production.

German Union REFA established in 1924 with the aim of improving the efficiency of German enterprises machine-building industry. REFA operates in more than 50 countries, including Ukraine, and in recent years and in Russia and BelorussiiSegodnya REFA - an alliance of labor organizations, organizations and enterprise development, which is one of Europe's largest organizations in the area education, training and coaching (coaching) of companies, regardless of their scope of activities. During its existence the Union REFA become a kind of center in Germany, developed jointly with the German trade union methods and tools organizational and operational management, which were used not only in Germany, but also far beyond. Among the well-known German companies working with methods REFA there are major concerns such as DaimlerChrysler, BMW, Siemens, BASF and many others.

The basis of the methodology REFA is a process-oriented organization of labor. Her concept is to organize and manage the production chain through description, analysis, assessment and management processes and working systems. Ie people structure of the enterprise is responsible for a specific process (s), which is part of a process aimed at meeting the requirements of the client. Process focus allows the company to respond flexibly to market requirements and timely implement the necessary changes. Many familiar with the situation when company performing «burning» order to accelerate new product, designer gave incomplete documentation, engineer fail to develop technological processes, as a result of production errors, an additional clarify, there is «Blind» time, the marriage date. thwarted.

REFA helps:

• identify the process
• painlessly reduce the time or the whole process. In this case, the quality remains stable.


As already noted, the effective organization of work is needed at all levels company. In this case, each organizational level of the company can provide in a working (production) system for the entire company and for a separate work area, the model has a working system is universal. After presenting the structural elements of the company in the form of working systems, and describing the existing processes, we get a holistic picture of the company. Then, analyzing working system at every organizational level, it is possible to identify weak «narrow» places that most affect the work. The main baseline data for the analysis of operational systems and processes are the time of the order and the cost of the process. Moreover, the value of the cost of the process depends directly on the run-time.
The goal is- enhance competitiveness and increase company productivity by:

• Optimization of production systems and business processes,
• reduce costs and production costs,
• reduce the time spent on production,
• development of professional and methodological level of the professionals and managers.



GUIDELINES REFA:

1. Flexibility

Thanks to the universality of the methodology REFA is possible its application on a large production plant, and service businesses, as well as trading companies and banks, Such versatility is possible because what REFA conducting their research in collaboration with professional associations of employers in Germany. This approach helps to achieve the best adaptation of the techniques to the practical the needs of manufacturing and service businesses.



2. Focus on the process

Process orientation allows a flexible response to market demands. Process approach was first proposed by adherents of the school administration, who tried to describe the function of the manager. However, these authors were inclined to consider such kind of function as independent from each other. Process approach, in contrast, considers the functions of management as interrelated. Management is seen as a process.





Figure 1- Process approach (Animation, volume 127KB, repeat 3 times, 15 pictures)



3. Continuous process of the improvement

Continuous process of the improvement - it is one of the principles that laid to the foundation of the enterprise. If you use this solution, which is proposed Union REFA and is accompanied by the appropriate tools, the work of the enterprise may be organized in such a way that the enterprise will be a well regulated system that is capable to identify weaknesses and correct them.



Literature

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4. Гаджинский А.М., Взаимосвязь логистики и маркетинга, http://www.rusconsult.ru/cms-news.php?mode=view_news&id=201


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12. Центр REFA-Россия, http://www.metallurgmash.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=111&Itemid=104