Abstract of thesis

 

 

 

Introduction

 

A crisis situation is connected to decreasing of amount of traditional energy resources in the world prompts scientists to the search, development and introduction of new energy-saving technologies in all spheres of life of society. Questions of the effective use of present energy potential, both country and every region become more actual. The limited nature of primary energy resources is acutely become aware in our country to. Last time cogeneration is more actively introduced by majority developed and developing countries of the world. For example, in the USA is accepted special program, aim of which is doubling of having power of cogeneration to 2010 year comparing with rate of power in 1988 year. It means that by the end decades will be additionally entered approximately 46 GVt.

 

Actuality of work

 

Ukraine related to the countries, partly provided with the traditional types of primary energy resources, therefore forced to import them. In addition, our country has high energy capacity of manufacture, considerably exceeding the indexes of the developed countries. Besides, problem of reliable heat supply systems of population in autumn - winter period has sharp social character. It is therefore possible to assert that for Ukraine the question of steady and energyeffective development of this sphere has a primary value.

 

Research tasks and goals

 

This work has tendency to the increase of efficiency of the use of organic fuel in the communal economy of Ukraine, increase of energy safety due to determination of terms of expedient introduction of cogeneration technologies.

 

Scientific novelty

 

During realization of work:

 

           were created the fundamentally new summarizing criteria of efficiency of the used plan of heat-and-power supply system, allowing comprehensively to estimate energy and economic expediency of it application taking into account all influences;

           were improved principles and methodology of planning of the heat supply systems;

 

Planned practical results

 

 

At planning of mini-HES on satisfaction of load of heat supply electric energy, produced on it, is partly consumed on own needs, and surplus is given out in a grid. Delivery of electric power of mini-HES in a grid in the night-time of twenty-four hours can have negative consequences. Fitting out of mini-HES with system of accumulation of heat energy in a daily daypart allows to reduce the production of electric energy in a night-time. For majority modern buildings, having the radiator system of heating practically the only variant of accumulation of heat energy is a tank-accumulator (TA), which present from itself a tankage with hot water, which can provide amount of heat supply. Maximum temperature of water in a tank is 90-95°С. On a picture 1 the fundamental plan of connecting of tank-accumulator with system of heat-and-power supply with the use of CGI.

 

Picture 1 – The Fundamental plan of connecting tank-accumulator and cogeneration installation (CGI).

Use of TA turn to the increase of production of electric energy in peak and half-peak periods of day's diagram of the electric loading and decrise in the period of nightly minimum. Therefore charging of TA carried out in the clock of the maximal loading of grid in the different modes of operations of HES.

Use of the offered scheme allows to increase the part of electric energy, producible in the clock of peak-loads to 50%, while in lack of TA in a heat scheme this part does not exceed 21%, that positively influences on the economic indexes of work of HES.

The terms of recoupment can hesitate from 8 to 25 years depending on a cubic capacity TA is used and correlation of prices on heat and electric energy.

 

Conclusions

 

In this work we analyzed the methods of division of fuel consumption in cogeneration system and showed their defects. We offered a new method, where put into operation the criterion of efficiency µ, being delineation of competitive alternative scheme of consumer. The offered criterion in fact determines the value of electric energy in respect to heat in the cycle of their joint production, and also on condition of their competition use by a consumer.

Besides, in a work the possible methods of adjusting of correlation electric and heat powers produced on HES by means of TA are analyzed. Researches of heat supply schemes and indexes of work of HES with the use of tanks-accumulators at implementation of the different heat loadings are conducted. The corresponding methods of design of the most rational schemes are offered.

 

 

Literature

 

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6.     Методология определения теоретического потенциала энергосбережения на разных уровнях управления экономикой / Н.В. Гнедой, Е.Е. Маляренко // Проблемы общей энергетики. - 2007. -№15.-С.17.

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8.     www.ukrenergo.energy.gov.ua

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10.                       http://www.naer.gov.ua

 

At writing of this abstract of thesis master's degree work is not yet completed. It final completion will take place at 1-st December 2010. Text and materials of it can be got from an author or his tutor after this date.