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Abstract

Content

Introduction

Any enterprise should strive to increase the efficiency of using its basic production assets. This is the key to increasing output, which ultimately leads to an increase in revenues, and, consequently, to higher levels of profitability. Therefore, the problem of maximum efficiency of fixed assets should become one of the key for any enterprise (organization). In addition, with the effective use of fixed assets, the need for them is reduced, which leads to savings, that is, to minimize production costs, and this in turn again affects the increase in the level of profitability.

To increase the efficiency of the use of fixed assets, the development and implementation of targeted programs for the intensification and development of production are required. Equipment, equipment and other funds available at most production facilities for all the main parameters are of very low quality and have long been in need of modernization.


1. Theme urgency

The problem of the design of the installation works in the trunk.

An important condition for increasing the economic efficiency of the use of fixed assets is the improvement of their structure. The structure of fixed assets of manufacturing enterprises is determined by economic and natural conditions, specialization, and also by the general level of development of the material and technical base. Observance of certain proportions between the elements of fixed assets, due to their role in production - one of the main conditions for the effective operation of the enterprise.The master's work is devoted to the development of methods for increasing the efficiency of the coal mining enterprise through better use of fixed assets.

2. Goal and tasks of the research

The purpose of the study is to develop a project for assembly work in the trunk.

Main tasks of the research:

  1. Increasing the efficiency of the coal mining enterprise through better use of fixed assets.
  2. To give a quantitative and qualitative risk assessment for the coal enterprise.
  3. Search for ways to improve the use of fixed assets in the enterprise.

Research object: Ways to increase the efficiency of the coal mining enterprise through better use of fixed assets.

Research subject: Increase of efficiency of work of the coal-mining enterprise

3. Project analysis of the coal enterprise

Project analysis is a kind of voluntary examination of an investment project, the subject of which is the study of completeness and quality of design decisions, social, economic, financial and public efficiency and commercial feasibility.

The types of project risks are divided into the following groups: 1) geological risk - risk of incorrect stock assessment, accident rate due to methane emissions, etc .; 2) the risk of project participants is a conscious or forced failure to fulfill their obligations, which can cause the effect of a "snow avalanche" or "chain reaction" due to unfairness of participants, unprofessionalism, unsustainable financial situation, management change, etc. The primary responsibility for this type of risk lies with the project manager, who must ensure the careful selection of participants, provide for liability (penalties, fines) in contracts, specify the right to promptly replace a participant, demand pores teaching; 3) the risk of a significant excess of the estimated cost of the project (especially construction and installation work) - design errors, contractor's lack of professionalism, changing project implementation conditions, high cost of work, which will increase with each year of the project implementation, increase in transportation costs and electricity costs; 4) the risk of untimely completion of the project - the risk of a significant delay in the beginning of the project (delay in obtaining a license, untimely withdrawal of the site), untimely completion of construction and installation robots; 5) the risk of poor quality of works and facilities - an incorrect estimate of the reserves of the deposit, additional investment costs in connection with the correction of defects, replacement of units and equipment; 6) structural and technological risks - the risk of non-availability of the planned volumes of coal production due to imperfections in technology, the use of obsolete equipment, a drop in demand, increased competition, etc .; 7) production risk - risk of malfunctions, rhythmic disturbance, production shutdown, backwardness of the project from the level of coal mining technologies, etc .; 8) managerial risk - errors in management, inadequate managerial skills, wrong policy in the area of ??depreciation, as well as irresponsibility, negligence, non-compliance with safety procedures, lack of production discipline; 9) sales risk - the risk of reducing sales volumes and prices for coal products, changing market conditions, exceeding the cost level over the price; 10) financial risk - shortfall in profits, untimely settlements on the part of consumers, insufficient financial resources to continue the project, insufficient financial sustainability of the project; 11) political and economic risks - the absence of planned foreign economic activity due to the rigidity of the state's export policy (introduction of licensing, quoting, new procedures for customs control, currency regulation); decrease in the planned level of efficiency and an increase in the payback period of the project due to state regulation of the price level, rigidity of tax regulation, etc.; 12) administrative risk- associated with the receipt of various licenses, permits and approvals, delaying the timing of their receipt; 13) legal risk - fuzzy legislation, low quality of contracts and other legal documents, frequent changes in legislation; 14) force majeure - except for natural disasters, they include the risk of strikes. The task of quantitative analysis is the numerical measurement of the impact of changes in risk factors on the effectiveness of the project. Quantitative risk assessment A quantitative assessment of project risks was carried out using the method of expert assessments. The expert method of evaluation involves carrying out measurements of some characteristics and processing the opinions of experienced professionals for preparing a decision. The expert assessment of project risks was carried out in stages, as follows: - selection of experts, since the decision to choose a project depends on the correctness of their assessments; - Definition of the list of possible risks, grouped by stages of the life cycle of the project; - weight assessment (the possibility of project risks), which is based on a system of umerical 10-point scale; - ranking of possible risks using the scale from 0 to 1 (the assessment was carried out taking into account the importance of the possible risks for which the assessment will be carried out, affects the achievement of the project objectives); - analysis of experts' assessments on their disagreement, inconsistency, inaccuracy; - Calculation of the total weighted ball for each risk factor ("Weight" is multiplied by "Rating") and the final results. The maximum risk assessment of the project can be 350 points.

Methods of risk management: 1) Methods of deviation from risk - refusal to work with unreliable partners. In this case, it is recommended to obtain state guarantees: -commercial - guarantees of payments for purchases; -property - the transfer of rights to land in concession for 50 years. 2) Methods of risk localization - the physical remoteness of high-risk areas, the method of limiting - the restriction of investment and commodity flows directed to an external (relative to the enterprise) environment. 3) Methods of risk dissipation - distribution of the overall risk between all project participants who are interested in the success of the common cause by participating in the financial and industrial group. 4) Risk compensation methods - methods of strategic planning and forecasting of activities, monitoring of socio-economic and regulatory environment, creation of a system of reserves (insurance stocks of raw materials, materials, reserve funds).

Estimating the break-even of the project is determined, under what volumes of production and sales of the project, the project will be profitable and will ensure profit. The break-even analysis of the project will reveal the dependence of the amount of profit on the influencing factors: the volume of coal mining and sales; changes in the sale price of coal; costs for the construction of the mine and individual plots, equipment, etc.

Conclusion

Any set of measures to improve the use of fixed assets, developed at all levels of management, should include ensuring the growth of production volumes, primarily through more complete and effective use of on-farm reserves and through more complete use of machinery and equipment, liquidation of downtime, newly commissioned capacities, further intensification of production processes, because in a market economy only a strong an enterprise with a strong technical base.

Master's work is devoted to actual scientific problem of combining the basic methods of minimizing the instrumental Moore automata. In the trials carried out:

  1. In the first subsection, the essence of the project analysis and the concept of the investment project.
  2. In the second subsection, the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment for the coal enterprise was considered, the types of project risks, risk management methods were given. In accordance with the areas or factors that affect the project, risk management tools have been developed.
  3. In the third subsection, ways were developed to improve the use of fixed assets in a coal enterprise.

Further studies focused on the following aspects:

  1. Qualitative improvement of the proposed approach to increasing the efficiency of the coal enterprise.
  2. Quantitative improvement of the proposed approach to increasing the efficiency of the coal company.
  3. Development of methods to improve the efficiency of staff.

This master's work is not completed yet. Final completion: May 2018. The full text of the work and materials on the topic can be obtained from the author or his head after this date.

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