Українська   Русский
DonNTU   Masters' portal

Abstract

Content

Introduction

In the context of the development of the economic system of the state, enterprises strive to achieve maximum results, where cost optimization directly affects the improvement and development of their effective management.

The introduction of logistic approaches has become very important at the present stage of economic development. This is due to the intensification and expansion of commodity-money relations, with a dynamic increase in horizontal economic ties between enterprises and organizations of related industries. Opportunities have increased for improving their interaction on the basis of expanding economic independence and initiative of intermediary structures and transport enterprises, improving their contractual relations and mutual economic incentives.

Since inefficient inventory management as one of the main functional types of logistics leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the enterprise, special attention should be paid to the development and use of models for managing inventory.

Consequently, the movement of material flows depends on the competent regulation and coordination of the leadership for the formation of the enterprise's funds, namely the result of transportation, storage and performance of other material operations with the company's stocks (from the primary source of raw materials to the end consumer).

1. Theme urgency

The relevance of the topic of the final qualifying work is due, on the one hand, to a great interest in the topic of improving logistics activities in modern science and practice, on the other hand, to its insufficient theoretical and methodological development.

Today, the problems of logistics remain relevant, the successful functioning of any enterprise, its competitiveness directly depend on the competent construction of the enterprise's logistics system. The solution of problems related to this topic is of both theoretical and practical importance.

2. Purpose and objectives of the study, planned results

The purpose of the final qualification work is the development of scientific and practical recommendations for improving the logistics activities of the enterprise through the economic justification of the formation of the logistics management system of the enterprise.

Main tasks of the research:

  1. Formulate the basic principles and research modern methods of enterprise inventory management.
  2. Systematize modern problems of the formation and use of material resources.
  3. To reveal the advantages and disadvantages of approaches to inventory management of an enterprise.
  4. To reveal the functions and systems of inventory management in the logistics system of the enterprise.
  5. To analyze the state and use of stocks at enterprises of different states.
  6. Analyze and assess the state of the company's reserves.
  7. Propose directions for improving the formation and use of stocks at the enterprise.
  8. Carry out a business case for choosing a supplier of orders.
  9. To develop guidelines for improving the logistics system at the enterprise.
  10. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed activities at the enterprise.

The object of the research is the process of formation and use of stocks in logistics flows at the enterprise.

The subject of the research is the basic principles and methods of forming enterprise resource flows.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of the theoretical foundations of the formation and movement of the enterprise logistics flows and the development of methodological recommendations for improving the enterprise logistics system.

The research materials of the work were presented at the scientific-practical conference Resource saving. Efficiency. Development in the publications Implementation of innovative technologies in logistics and Improvement of controlling in logistics systems..

3. Review of research and development

The theoretical basis of the work is the main provisions of economic theory, scientific works and developments of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of logistics, production, strategic and financial management, enterprise economics by such authors as: I.A. Blank, V.R. Vesnin, O.S. Vikhansky, A.M. Gadzhinsky, V.V. Kovalev, I.V. Romanenko, V.M. Semenov, R.A. Fatkhutdinov, V.A. Shvandar, A.D. Sheremet and others

The methodological basis of the research is general scientific methods of cognition of economic and socio-psychological phenomena, in particular, methods of economic, mathematical and parametric modeling, static and sociological research, expert assessments, analysis and synthesis, forecasting elements.

The practical significance of the study lies in the development of scientific and practical recommendations for improving inventory management in the logistics system of the enterprise.

The scientific novelty of the research consists in the theoretical study of the principles and methods of forming flows in logistics chains, the formation of approaches to diagnosing the state of logistics processes, substantiating the directions for improving the inventory management system in the paradigm of enterprise logistics management.

4. The main results of scientific research

The first section of the master's thesis contains a theoretical study of the principles and methods of forming flows in logistics supply chains: the economic essence of stocks is determined and the main methods of stock management are revealed.

The efficient functioning of logistics systems in the conditions of the company's operating activities depends on many conditions, of which one of the key is the condition and efficient use of stocks [1].

Inventory management in logistics is considered the most effective, where it is considered from the point of view of reducing the cost of maintaining inventories and their maintenance. The theory of financial inventory management considers three approaches to the formation of inventories from the standpoint of risks and profitability [2] (Fig. 4.1).

Financial methods of stock formation

Figure 4.1 – Financial methods of stock formation
(Animation: 5 frames, 7 cycles, 39 KB.)

Research of foreign and domestic practice testifies to the variety of methods of inventory management at the enterprise (Fig. 4.2).

Classification of inventory management methods

Figure 4.2 – Classification of inventory management methods

Consequently, the studies carried out by foreign and domestic scientists indicate different approaches to defining the essence and classification of inventory management methods at an enterprise [3]

Thus, a well-chosen, effectively implemented and well-implemented methodology of forming flows at the enterprise will lead to profitability and development of activities. However, an important aspect is not only the choice, but also the competent leadership, where time will be devoted to the further development of the chosen system, defining the priority directions in subsequent activities.


In the second section, the state and use of stocks at the macro level, the main technical and economic indicators, asset turnover, the assessment of the state of stocks, were analyzed, and directions were proposed to improve the formation and use of stocks at the enterprise under study.

Commodity stocks are a part of the social product in the sphere of commodity circulation and intended for the continuous satisfaction of the needs of social and personal consumption. The formation of commodity stocks is caused by the discrepancy in time and space between the need for them and the possibility of their production [4].

The volume of inventories increases with the development of trade. At the same time, they must be optimal, taking into account specific conditions. For accounting, analysis and planning of inventory, a system of absolute and relative indicators is used:

– absolute indicators are expressed in natural (kg, pcs., Etc.), or conventionally natural units and value (monetary);

– natural indicators of measuring commodity stocks are used for planning commodity resources, organizing the work of warehouses, to calculate the need for the material and technical base of the organization, for the prompt placement of surplus goods[5].

The most important instrument of the economic policy of the enterprise, aimed at ensuring innovative development, stability of functioning and meeting changing needs, is the construction of an effective management system for the use of reserves.

Effective management of production inventories is achieved by maximizing the use of real assets and liabilities of the organization, thereby fulfilling the task of effective management of working capital based on the implementation of structural approaches, substantiation of the system of indicators and improvement of tools for analyzing and planning the use of inventories from an economic standpoint [6].

With a differentiated approach to the organization of procurement and inventory management, significant cost savings can be achieved by ABC analysis. To improve the efficiency of the decisions made, an individual approach to determining the timing and size of the order for each material is required. ABC analysis shows the importance of each group of materials and helps to draw attention to the main ones.

XYZ analysis serves as an auxiliary tool in the preparation of decisions to improve the planning of material support of production. For materials of class X, you can recommend purchasing in accordance with the planned need for their synchronous consumption in production, for class Y – creating stocks, and for class Z – purchasing as the need arises [7].

Thus, there are a lot of ways to improve the accounting of inventories, but they are selected directly to each enterprise individually and depend on its size, industry and specifics.


In the third section of the master's work, an economic justification for choosing a supplier of orders is carried out, scientific and practical recommendations for improving the logistics system of an enterprise are formulated, and it is also planned to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

One of the most important tasks solved within the framework of the logistics function is the selection of a priority supplier for each type of purchased resources. The management of the supplier selection process consists in establishing procedures for selecting suitable suppliers from the database formed at the stage of market research, and comparing acceptable suppliers with each other on the basis of significant criteria to determine the best one that best meets the capabilities and needs of the enterprise [8].

Expert and analytical methods are traditionally used to select a priority supplier both in domestic and in the world practice of commodity management. A common disadvantage of expert methods is the complexity of formalizing their results and high labor intensity. The main disadvantage of analytical methods (for example, linear programming when analyzing the dynamics of prices for goods from different suppliers, solving transport problems) is the incomplete accounting of factors affecting the choice of supply option [9].

The purpose of the JIT system proposed to improve the enterprise system is to ensure that all the components used to create the finished product are delivered exactly on time. This concept helps to avoid significant investment in inventories, thereby reducing the need for an excessive increase in the working capital of the enterprise. The introduction of the JIT concept to domestic enterprises helps them to reduce the lead time; reduce capital costs for the maintenance of storage facilities for stocks, this leads to a decrease in the risks of obsolescence of stocks; reduce the volume of documentation, as well as reduce losses from rejects and reduce the cost of sending products to the workshop for processing [10].

To improve the organizational subsystem of the logistics system, it is proposed to introduce two measures:

– introduction of the TMS system for the effective organization of transit supplies management;

– transition to a centralized grouped control system logistic activities.

The main advantages of centralizing the management of logistics and sales services are to reduce costs and create conditions for the development of a single procurement, sales and transport policy of the enterprise [11].

Thus, the planned increase in the efficiency of the proposed measures for the introduction of transit supplies, a new information system and new methods of working with suppliers will improve the efficiency of the enterprise's logistics system as a whole.

The implementation of the proposed measures will improve the performance of the enterprise and improve the efficiency of the enterprise and its financial condition.

Conclusion

Consequently, the successful functioning of any enterprise, its competitiveness depends on the competent construction of the enterprise's logistics system and the coordination of management for the formation of enterprise funds, namely the result of transportation, storage and performance of other material operations with the enterprise's stock (from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer).

There are a lot of ways to improve the accounting of inventories, but they are selected directly to each enterprise individually and depend on its size, industry and specifics.

Thus, effective management of material flows in the logistics chain of an enterprise is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of an enterprise.

At the time of writing the abstract, the master's thesis has not yet been completed. Final completion: June 2021. After that date, the full text of the work can be obtained from the author.

References

  1. Матафонова А.А. Управление запасами: системы // Научный журнал Инновационная наука. – 2017. – №5. – С. 118-122.
  2. Антошкина О. А., Воронова Д. Ю. Роль логистического подхода в организации закупочной деятельности // Вестник современных исследований: материалы XXXIII Международной научно-практической конференции Вопросы современных научных исследований. - 2018.- № 10.2 (25). - С. 11-14.
  3. Якубова Н. Я. Оптимизация товарных запасов как фактор эффективной деятельности торгового предприятия // Научный журнал Вестник ТГУПБП. – 2012. – №2. – С. 127-132.
  4. Пугачев А.И. Управление запасами сырья [Электронный ресурс]// Научный журнал «Инновационная наука». – 2016. – №5 (17). – Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru.
  5. Воронкова М.А. Управление запасами как фактор стратегического развития организации // Научный журнал Проблемы экономики и менеджмента. – 2016. – №1 (53). – С. 49-51.
  6. Лукинский В. В. Управление запасами в цепях поставок в 2 ч. Часть 1. Учебник и практикум для бакалавриата и магистратуры / Владислав Валерьевич Лукинский. – М.: Юрайт, 2017. – 872 c.
  7. Григорьев М.Н. Логистика: конспект лекций / М.Н. Григорьев. Москва: Издательство Юрайт, 2014. – 207с.
  8. Вдовина И.В. Формирование механизма стратегического управления / И.В. Вдовина // Вестник Белгородского университета потребительской кооперации. – 2006. №3 (18). С.125-127
  9. Алябьева М. В. Особенности принятия маркетинговых решений при управлении товарными запасами в оптовой торговле [Электронный ресурс]// Научный журнал Научный результат. – 2015. – №1. – Режим доступа: http://rrlinguistics.ru
  10. Стерлигова А.Н., Фель А.В. Операционный (производственный) менеджмент: Учебное пособие. – М.: ИНФРА-М, 2013. – 187 с.
  11. Живалева А. В. Системы регулирования запасов оптового предприятия // Научный журнал Вестник ГУУ. – 2013. – №19. – С. 142-147.