Ryasnykh Olga

Master's work abstract
«A social-psychological climate in a labour collective»

Theme basis, actuality

A management of a large company needs clear co-ordination and pragmatism. However in majority of organization to achieve sighificant results new approaches are needed in a management. One of such approaches is a favourable social-psychological climate, emotional management, the elements of which, so or differently, were present at all times and in any company. However it was not accepted to talk about it not so far. Theorists of all business-school past and present created and described flat determined control system, which taught the successors. This system was conservative and not flexible, but, in opinion of many, - reliable. In such control system by the main measuring devices of administrative potential there were intellectual levels of leader and companies on the whole. Thus an emotional aspect was not taken in attention, because it was considered that it have not a considerable influence on a result.

Actuality of this problem is dictated by the queries of practice, conditioned in our days increasing collective character of human activity and issue of the day of efficiency of organization and management people, adjustings between them relations, use of educator and psychotherapy actions.

Purpose of work

A purpose of work is development of method of research of the state of social-psychological climate in a labour collective and grant of recommendations in relation to it's improvement on the investigated enterprise.

Next tasks are in-process decided:

• found out factors which influence on the social-psychological state of collective;
• found out factors which influence on fluidity of human resources;
• creation and forming of wage-fund are analysed;
• consisting of social-psychological climate is investigational of some collectives on the investigated enterprise;
• recommendation is given in relation to it's improvement;
• found out influence of level of conflict on the state of social-psychological climate;
• the economic effect of the offered measures is expected.

Scientific and practical value

A scientific value consists in deepening of conceptual basis and ground of influence of social-psychological climate on an enterprise on it's development.

Practical value. Presently the process of bringing in of psychologists goes for an estimation individually psychological the feature of workers, for the exposure of psychological fitness of person to some type of activity, for psychological diagnostics professionally important qualities of employees. Except for the professionally psychological selection of human resources, the help of psychologists can have next directions:

• providing of adaptation to the new terms of labour, to the new collective or new position;
• professionally psychological prepare;
• collaboration for liquidation of demotivate factors and to forming of high motivation of activity for the wellness of organization;
• providing of accordance of candidates on leading position to the psychological requirements of administrative activity and much other.

Review of researches and developments on the theme

In psychology a concept «climate» came from meteorology and geography. Presently this concept characterizes the invisible, thin, delicate, psychological side of mutual relations between people. In domestic social psychology first a term a «psychological climate» used N.S. Mansurov, which studied production collectives.

One of the first who exposed maintenance of social-psychological climate was V.M. Shepel. According to his opinion, a psychological climate is the emotional colouring of psychological connection of members of collective, arising up on the basis of their closeness, liking, coincidence of characters, interests, inclination. He considered that the climate of relations between people consisted of three climatic area. The first climatic areas are a social climate which is determined that, as far as a purpose and task of society is realized in this collective, as far as here assuredly observance of all constitutional rights and duty of workers as citizens. The second climatic areas are a moral climate which is determined that, what moral value in this collective is accepted. The third climatic areas are a psychological climate, those unofficial relations, which are folded between workers which are in a direct contact with each other. A psychological climate is a climate, area of action of which considerably more locally social and moral climate [1, с. 9-11].

Most of the applied researches, so or differently related to the problem of social-psychological climate in a group conducted and conducted specialists in area of organizational psychology. It is related to obvious meaningfulness of estimation and optimization of social-psychological climate in the context of decision of the widest circle of organizational tasks, such as creation of commands, increase of efficiency of management and systems of motivation of personnel, increases of the labour productivity, decline of fluidity of human resources etc.

Strictly speaking, classic experiments of E. Meyo and his colleagues, conducted at the end of 30th the last century at the plant of the American company "Western Electrician", which put beginning of organizational psychology, though did not put a direct purpose the study of social-psychological climate in the brigades of fitters of public-call relays, actually showed meaningfulness of this social-psychological description from point of efficiency of group activity.

Basis of social-psychological climate is in-process considered in a labour collective, namely going near determination of this concept and specific, classification, value and factors of influence, on a social-psychological climate in a labour collective. The basic problem of violation of stability of social-psychological climate is resulted in a labour collective. The problem of intercourse and psychological compatibility is analysed, the problem of production conflicts is appraised, their source, form, dynamics. Resulted method of diagnostics of the interpersonal relations.

Naturally, that definitely the social-psychological climate of collective tells and in relation to each of members of collective to itself. Unlike consciousness of man, which is folded during all his life, his feel substantially depends on his status in a labour collective. On the feel of person in a collective its attitudes are represented toward a certain group on the whole, degree of satisfaction by the position and interpersonal relations in a group. Matters also feeling of belonging of person to the collective, which is expressed foremost in the degree of communication connection (figure 1).

 

Communication is built from guidance to the ordinary members of collective and west-to-east, and also between the members of collective and must touch not only an intellect but also senses.

Conclusions

In administrative science there are perfect enough social-psychological methods by which it is possible to obtain the necessary effect of functioning of labour collective. Under social-psychological methods managements understand concrete receptions and operating methods on the process of forming and development of collective and separate workers. There are two methods: social (directed on a collective on the whole), and psychological (directed on an individual into a collective). These methods mean introductions of different sociological and psychological procedure in practice of management.

Quality of social-psychological climate in a collective determines attitude of leader toward society on the whole, to the organization and to everybody separately. If in his understanding of persons appears as a resource, raw material and production base, then such approach will not give the proper result, in the process of management there will be a defect and failing or count of resources for the performance of concrete objective.

Yet many leaders in our time did not realize all importance of the state of social-psychological climate in a collective. But now appear the leaders of new type, which do not save a mean on education of valuable performers and creative workers, appear at the head of company and organization. Such company differs harmony of work, unity into a collective, by the striking job performances.

A favourable social-psychological climate is the condition of increase of the labour productivity, to satisfaction of workers, by labour and collective. A social-psychological climate arises up spontaneously. But a good climate is not simple investigation of the proclaimed mottos and efforts of separate leaders. It is a balance of the systematic education work with the members of collective, realizations of the special measures, directed on organization of relations between leaders and inferiors. Forming and perfection of social-psychological climate is a permanent practical task of leaders of any grade. Creation of favourable climate is business not only responsible but also creative, requiring knowledges of it's nature and adjusting facilities, ability to foresee a reliable situation in the mutual relations of members of collective.

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