The abstract on a theme of master's work:
"Women leaders, features of the management"

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INTRODUCTION

Gender gap - the notion, often described in psychology as the difference between men and women. The term "gender" identifies the psychological sex of the person and the inherent respective ideals, values ??and behavior, with which he relates.
A lot of literature devoted to the analysis of gender differences between men and women in leadership positions. As a rule, these papers described the struggle against stereotypes with which women face on a daily basis all over the world, putting his career in the hierarchy of priorities in life in the first place.
Arguing a position "against", the researchers cite examples of how women, who took a leadership position, often assign a family seat. Taking the male style of management personnel, the women become sharp, tough and demanding. Loses its appeal and the unique, inherent to women, the softness.
Explained by a similar negative effect that a woman faced with strong opposition from staff entrusted, especially in the face of men, leads a defense mechanism in action.
Another important indicator is the differentiation of wages, which shows the hidden discrimination against women, in the aspect of their salaries.

RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SCIENTIFIC programs, plans, themes

Masters qualifying work carried out during 2010-2011. according to the research areas of the department "Human Resources and Labor Economics", Donetsk National Technical University.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the pros and cons of participation of women in business. Task - describe a woman leader. A comparison of men and women involved in business.
Scientific novelty of the work consists in writing the methodological recommendations for women leaders to improve the efficiency of personnel management, based on physiological characteristics of the woman as a leader.
Object of study - women in leadership positions, physiological characteristics that distinguish it from a male supervisor.
The subject of investigation - especially the management team of a woman.
The practical significance of these results is that at the present time, the study of the phenomenon of women managers is essential. Improving leadership skills to help women in leadership positions, successfully cope with the functionality and use of distinctive male leaders, character traits to the benefit of.

Section 1
The relevance of "women's leadership" in today's conditions

The development of market relations in Ukraine is not only radically affected the processes of the economy, but also contributed to mitigating the conservative attitudes on many spheres of life. Despite this, the idea of ??women's business enterprise and still remain within the patriarchal culture, yet retains great influence both in Ukraine and worldwide. In our society, still, people management is the prerogative of men. The process of self-realization and adaptation of women, due to the current opinion, much more complicated and entails a crisis of socio-economic relations.
Our society consists of objective conditions conducive to the diversity of women's roles - namely, the development of female management and managerial leadership of the institute. Increasingly, society is guided by the principles of democratic governance, giving priority to information technology. Developing services, and with it - a model of business relations, which corresponds to the peculiarities of doing business woman. Recent years, management acquires innovative, focusing on human and socio-technical factors that explain the popularity of women's unique leadership style. The research results leave no doubt about the fact that this model is completely adapted to the management of today's business environment and, moreover, is competitive with respect to the male leadership style.
Currently, there is a tendency to take an active capturing women leadership positions within the business, and even politics. Number of women executives is steadily growing among managers, executives and directors of small, medium and large enterprises. However, the problem of gender inequality and discrimination against women leaders there, and requires in-depth study.

Section 2
Psychological characteristics of women leaders, distinguishing it from a male head

Comparing the characteristics of male and female styles of management, we can say that a female manager often manages more successfully than men. Often, the result of managerial women are created in the enterprise, stable working conditions for employees, tailored to the socially accepted norms.
For women, typical style of leadership, strategy-oriented rewards, whereas men preferred methods of coercion and expert style. However, as practice shows, the most successful is the combined leadership style. Successful managers combine the best qualities of different styles of management, and application of such a combination of style leads to the formation of an effective management strategy.
Differences between men and women in leadership positions are observed in the early stages of assessing their role in the management. For example, women believe that their main objective - the transformation of personal goals subordinate to the objectives of the enterprise. In pursuit of the goal oriented to its increased intuition, the ability to easily establish personal contact, as well as endurance and ability to work hard. A woman, unlike men, among other things, each day has to prove its right to leadership that significantly strengthens its position over time. Then the man sees his work as a series of mutually beneficial transactions with partners (subordinates). Wages - as a reward for their work. More often than a woman, man relies on his own authority. At the time, as women leaders are eager to share his own authority and any information, believing that such an approach certainly will in the team confidence. Women tend to give up the privileges that give them the position and powers. Downplaying the significance of their own, they tend to emphasize the important contribution entrusted to the team. The main method of control female leader believes moral support and any kind of promotion.
Consider the major distinguishing characteristics of men and women in leadership positions. (Table 1).

 Table 1. Gender differences in management.

Features	Men	Women
The way to overcome the obstacles	intelligence, strength	cunning, dexterity
Focus on the problem	prospective	current
Orientation of the	task	interpersonal relationships
The need for emotional stimulous	Decreased	Increased
The basis of decisions	Reason	Feelings
The character	Closed	Open
Attitude to the outside world	Realistic	Idealized
Behavior	Restrained	Emotional
Mind-set	logical thinking	visile
Object of the focus	Contents	Form
Accuracy of observation	Reduced	Higher
Directivity	Business	Personal
Attitude to other	Straightforwardness	Flexibility
Effect of verbal encouragement	Relaxing	Exciting
A reaction to the criticism	Aggressive	Calm

 

FINAL PART
Recommendations

The result of the study is a technique that enables women leaders to successfully lead employees. First and foremost, you need to build a flexible model of relations with subordinates.
So:
1. At the time of taking office, do not recommend to his subordinates too rigid and rule - the adaptation of employees to a new form of control is required at least a month;
2. Apply it in practice an authoritarian model of governance, it is desirable to rotate the friendly demeanor of the official;
3. Do not take the desire of subordinates to achieve the result as a given, and lavishly praise and stimulate the initiative, new ideas and hard work;
4. Do not in any way to avoid conflict situations, just before the end of the deal in dispute. Do not use while in an argument credibility and authority;
5. From time to time approve subordinates, encouraging, therefore, activity. Step by step to evaluate the work of staff supporting the feedback;;
6. Do not complain to the management of subordinates;
7. Recognize and  do not afraid of  that subordinates also tend to have a career;
8. Do not "shoot" the last, always enable subordinates to express themselves and their abilities;

Arguments in favour of woman-leader
Not everyone, however, prevents a woman in her desire to be a director. A number of arguments in the public consciousness and business practice, working as an argument in favour of woman-director. And if the negative arguments expressed for the most part behind the scenes, the positive evaluation can be heard publicly and from male managers and their subordinates women directors. Both are happy to give voice to them, paying particular attention to three key strengths (in their view) of the female character and female work.

Figure 1 - A formula of woman's success(Animation: volume - 110 KБ; the size - 300х400; quantity of the shots - 8; a delay between shots - 50 ms; a delay between last and the first shots - 750 ms; quantity of recycles - 8)

First, is the ability to compromise, negotiate and smooth out rough edges and ensure informed decision-making. For this, professionalism, ability to communicate with people, and women in this traditionally strong.
Second, a comprehensive "master's" approach to management was given to the object, ie a balanced ability to maintain and develop various aspects of the business, not running some areas and avoid jobs involving all hands. In this case the stability of women's routine, repetitive operations making them effective in leadership positions in established businesses.
Third, women leaders are able to combine a rational approach and an emotional component. Without women directors would be really boring!
And a fourth is an important factor: Women are mostly easier to tolerate the ups and downs. In critical situations, they are often more stress, less They reflect on the fact that something did not work (because of their fault or the circumstances) and more focused on finding new opportunities. In addition, for all its emotional woman still fairly rational and responsible.
Findings
Women managers, of course, may be not representative of the fair sex, each. This requires strength, a certain stock character, dedication, and many other qualities that are needed to win in the brutal world of business. To some of these qualities accrue to the nature, someone has to bring them in yourself, and someone they are not needed because purpose of such women is the family, home, family and friends. Every woman has a choice.
Own business well so that it all depends on the woman, but it is also still ongoing tension and fear, responsibility and duty.
Nevertheless, a sense of independence pays all costs and material and moral.
For women, it is important to feel their worth in this world, but it is more important than the money she receives for daily work in the world of men.

REFERENCES

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Журнал "Менеджер по персоналу" в электронном виде.

Important note: at the time of writing this abstract the master's project has not been finished yet. The Final date is December 2011.The full text and materials on a theme can be received from the author or the tutor of the project after this date.